Florida/Georgia Personal Injury & Workers Compensation

You're probably overthinking it. Call a lawyer.

Call Now: 904-383-7448
Florida Statute 90.604 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
Florida Statute 90.604 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
Link to State of Florida Official Statute
F.S. 90.604 Case Law from Google Scholar Google Search for Amendments to 90.604

The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title VII
EVIDENCE
Chapter 90
EVIDENCE CODE
View Entire Chapter
90.604 Lack of personal knowledge.Except as otherwise provided in s. 90.702, a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced which is sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may be given by the witness’s own testimony.
History.s. 1, ch. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 77-77; s. 22, ch. 78-361; s. 1, ch. 78-379; s. 483, ch. 95-147.

F.S. 90.604 on Google Scholar

F.S. 90.604 on CourtListener

Amendments to 90.604


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 90.604

Total Results: 45  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

Copy

Roman v. State, 475 So. 2d 1228 (Fla. 1985).

Cited 63 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 10 Fla. L. Weekly 495

...es that even without "another," the statement was improperly admitted because it was hearsay and because there was no predicate laid to demonstrate that Beaudoin had personal knowledge that her brother had killed the baby. We need go no further than section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1981): 90.604 Lack of personal knowledge....
Copy

Rivera v. State, 859 So. 2d 495 (Fla. 2003).

Cited 28 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida

...Therefore, we find no error in the trial court sustaining an objection to the witness's answer. While the fact that the witness knew that other boys stopped seeing Donovan appears appropriate testimony, as it reflects his personal knowledge of the matter under section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2001), his continued statement on "what they had said" was simply nonresponsive to defense counsel's question....
...bjection based either on speculation or on relevance. Either way, it appears the trial court correctly sustained the objection. First, Miriam's testimony about what Rivera was experiencing would not have been based on her own personal knowledge. See § 90.604, Fla....
...er helpful to the defense. We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sustaining the objection because trial counsel could not have had personal knowledge of what other evidence would have made a difference to the jury in this case. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Campbell v. Salman, 384 So. 2d 1331 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980).

Cited 12 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal

...ment with respect to Count I of the complaint. Since the affidavit was based on information and belief rather than personal knowledge, it was not admissible into evidence and should not have been considered by the trial court. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.510(e); § 90.604, Fla.Stats....
Copy

& SC13-1787 Steven Douglas Hayward v. State of Florida & Steven Douglas Hayward v. Julie L. Jones, etc., 183 So. 3d 286 (Fla. 2015).

Cited 11 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida

...2d 637, 646 (Fla. 2000). Section 90.603, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a person is disqualified as a witness if the person is incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter or is incapable of understanding the duty to tell the truth. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter....
...Stat. (2007). Section 90.603, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a person is disqualified as a witness if the person is incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter or is incapable of understanding the duty to tell the truth. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2007), provides that a witness may not testify to a matter unless sufficient evidence, which can include the witness’s own testimony, is introduced to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter....
Copy

Victorino v. State, 127 So. 3d 478 (Fla. 2013).

Cited 8 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 2013 WL 5567079

Speculative Lay Opinion Evidence Relying on section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2006), which provides that
Copy

Rowan v. State, 696 So. 2d 842 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997).

Cited 8 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 1997 WL 148672

...In addition to the fact that the probation officer's testimony that he checked appellant's room was based on the out-of-court statement of Buck, there was no evidence that the probation officer had any independent personal knowledge of which room belonged to appellant. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Doctors Co. v. State, Dept. of Ins., 940 So. 2d 466 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006).

Cited 6 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 31 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. D 2341

...Preimesberger's testimony as a fact witness due to the fact that he was not employed by Appellant until 2004, after the three-year transitional period referred to in the Agreement. As such, he lacked personal knowledge of many of the matters relevant and material to the issues to be decided by the jury. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Serrano v. State, 15 So. 3d 629 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009).

Cited 6 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 7694, 2009 WL 1677545

..."Lay witness opinion testimony is admissible if it is within the ken of an intelligent person with a degree of experience." Floyd v. State, 569 So.2d 1225, 1232 (Fla.1990). Any witness, however, may testify as to matters within the witness's personal knowledge, including personal observations. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Orton v. State, 212 So. 3d 377 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017).

Cited 6 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2017 WL 363159, 2017 Fla. App. LEXIS 787

hand, a speculation objection is rooted in section 90.604, Florida Statutes, which requires a witness
Copy

Essex v. State, 917 So. 2d 953 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005).

Cited 6 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2005 WL 3478353

...The second district held that admission of the officer's hearsay testimony constituted reversible error, explaining its conclusion as follows: The rules of evidence would not have allowed Detective Beining to testify about the content of the statements each witness gave him describing the perpetrator. See § 90.604, .801(1)(c), .802, Fla....
Copy

State of Florida v. Donna Horwitz, 191 So. 3d 429 (Fla. 2016).

Cited 5 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 41 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 211, 2016 WL 2586307, 2016 Fla. LEXIS 955

presence of some of the witnesses. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2011).
Copy

L.L. v. State, 189 So. 3d 252 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016).

Cited 5 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2016 WL 1357736, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 5262

based on the .witness’s personal knowledge,-section 90.604, Florida Statutes, and perceptions, section
Copy

Robinson v. State, 989 So. 2d 747 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008).

Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2008 WL 4180266

...2d DCA 2004) (concluding that evidence was insufficient to support contempt conviction when State's sole witness testified to certain facts he gleaned by putting "two and two together"; even though witness did not repeat inadmissible hearsay, his testimony was not based on facts within his independent knowledge); see also § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

State v. Eubanks, 609 So. 2d 107 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992).

Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 1992 WL 341950

...officer testify, and the arresting officer did state that he observed the tag and it was expired. The trial court erred in not considering this testimony. The arresting officer should have been able to testify about what he personally observed. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Szuba v. State, 749 So. 2d 551 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000).

Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2000 WL 24888

...Gibson told him about the alleged confession of Mr. Szuba when he investigated the incident two weeks after the crime occurred. *553 The rules of evidence would not have allowed Detective Beining to testify about the content of the statements each witness gave him describing the perpetrator. See § 90.604, .801(1)(c), .802, Fla....
Copy

Roschman Partners v. SK PARTNERS I, 627 So. 2d 2 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 1993 WL 382560

...In the case of an ordinary agreement negotiated directly by the parties themselves but later drafted by their lawyers, the principals are the real persons having personal knowledge — and thus capable of testifying — as to the intention of the parties in contracting. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Coral Imaging Servs. v. Geico Indem. Ins., 955 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 16469, 2006 WL 2819614

...Stat. § 11.062(2)(a); § 11.066(4); § 11.70(3)(d); § 14.29(3)(b), (12); § 20.04(7)(a); § 20.19(6)(f); § 20.23(2)(a)3; § 27.34(2); § 27.711(3); § 28.241(3),(4); § 29.004(10)(d); § 39.012; § 39.013(2); § 44.06(2); § 63.0423(5) and (6); § 90.604....
Copy

Holborough v. State, 103 So. 3d 221 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2012 WL 5933008, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 20448

from her display of a “Florida ID” to him. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2010). Hearsay is “a statement, other
Copy

Simmons v. State, 683 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1996 WL 678686

...ify. § 90.601, Fla.Stat. A person may be disqualified to testify if the court determines that the person is incapable of expressing himself or herself so as to be understood, or is incapable of understanding the duty of a witness to tell the truth. § 90.604, Fla.Stat....
Copy

Tennyson v. State, 254 So. 3d 510 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2018).

Cited 3 times | Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

v. State, 475 So. 2d 1228, 1233 (Fla. 1985); § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2016). He was merely acknowledging
Copy

Kenya J. Williams v. State of Florida, 257 So. 3d 1192 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2018).

Cited 2 times | Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

witness has personal knowledge of the matter.” § 90.604, Fla. Stat. Here, in identifying the shoes worn
Copy

Bryant v. State, 124 So. 3d 1012 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2013 WL 5925304, 2013 Fla. App. LEXIS 17582

testimony identifying the phone call’s origin. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (2009), in pertinent part
Copy

State of Florida v. Eric Lucas, 183 So. 3d 1027 (Fla. 2016).

Cited 2 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 41 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 19, 2016 Fla. LEXIS 189, 2016 WL 339550

...An expert witness is used “[i]f scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or in determining a fact in issue.” See § 90.702, Fla. Stat. (2015). However, a fact witness is used if that witness has personal knowledge of the facts of a case. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

& SC13-1065 Harold Blake v. State of Florida & Harold Blake v. Timothy H. Cannon, etc., 180 So. 3d 89 (Fla. 2014).

Cited 2 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida

...2d 1056, 1065 (Fla. 2008). Blake also does not explain why Demetrius’ speculation about why Green wanted Blake to leave town would be admissible. Demetrius would either be repeating Green’s out-of-court statements or offering an inadmissible lay opinion about the purpose of Green’s actions. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Hordis Bros., Inc. v. Sentinel Holdings, Inc., 562 So. 2d 715 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 1990 Fla. App. LEXIS 2867, 1990 WL 49827

...ant who "need not have personal knowledge of the facts"); see also Campbell v. Salman, 384 So.2d 1331, 1333 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980) ("affidavit ... based on information and belief rather than personal knowledge... was not admissible into evidence... ."); § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Richard Allen Johnson v. State of Florida, 135 So. 3d 1002 (Fla. 2014).

Cited 1 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 2014 WL 68134

...nion testimony regarding a subject on which Vitale was not competent to testify. This argument is without merit because Vitale was simply testifying about his observations and interpretation of Johnson’s nonverbal actions, which was proper. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

A & A Elec. Servs., Inc. v. Jurado, 198 So. 3d 37 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 12713

810 So.2d 516, 521 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); see also § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2012) (providing that a witness may
Copy

State of Florida v. Andrew King (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2021).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

3d 1192, 1196 (Fla. 1st DCA 2018) (quoting section 90.604, Florida Statutes, for the proposition that
Copy

& SC13-1065 Harold Blake v. State of Florida & Harold Blake v. Timothy H. Cannon, etc. Corrected Opinion (Fla. 2015).

Published | Supreme Court of Florida

...2d 1056, 1065 (Fla. 2008). Blake also does not explain why Demetrius’ speculation about why Green wanted Blake to leave town would be admissible. Demetrius would either be repeating Green’s out-of-court statements or offering an inadmissible lay opinion about the purpose of Green’s actions. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Ostrander, 201 So. 3d 1281 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016).

Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 16009

knowledge of JPMorgan’s actions. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2014) (“[A] witness may not testify
Copy

Robert K. Walton v. Deutsche Bank Nat'l Trust Co., etc., 201 So. 3d 831 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 15547

taking, place on or before July 16, 2008. See § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (witness may not testify to a matter
Copy

Peggy a. Thorlton v. Nationstar Mortg., L L C, 257 So. 3d 596 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2018).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

(2016), or lack of personal knowledge under section 90.604. Nationstar distinguished Spencer by arguing
Copy

Airborne Freight Corp. v. Fleming Int'l Airways, Inc., 423 So. 2d 921 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982).

Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 1982 Fla. App. LEXIS 21659

v. United States, 641 F.2d 253 (5th Cir.1981); § 90.604, Fla.Stat. (1981) (lack of personal knowledge)
Copy

State v. Green, 733 So. 2d 583 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1999 Fla. App. LEXIS 6820, 1999 WL 334756

recollect, are included within the provisions of section 90.604. In order to have the requisite personal knowledge
Copy

Sharnika Lashay Moore-Bryant v. State of Florida (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2024).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

scene. “[A] speculation objection is rooted in section 90.604, Florida Statutes, which requires a witness
Copy

John Deere Co. v. Thomas, 522 So. 2d 926 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 13 Fla. L. Weekly 694, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 984, 1988 WL 20056

cross examination, a challenge grounded upon section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1985), would have been appropriate
Copy

Carol Boyd v. Universal Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. (Fla. 4th DCA 2025).

Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal

witness has personal knowledge of the matter.” § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2023). “An affiant’s personal knowledge
Copy

Roseman v. Town Square Ass'n, Inc., 810 So. 2d 516 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002).

Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2001 WL 1540505

...uling. Evidentiary Issues With respect to the exclusion of Tuttle's proffered testimony that he suspected residents were adjusting the door themselves, the trial court excluded the evidence because Tuttle did not actually see anyone adjust the door. Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1999), prohibits testimony by a witness who does not have personal knowledge of a matter....
Copy

Leonard v. State, 192 So. 3d 1258 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016).

Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2016 WL 3201073, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 8937

not based on personal knowledge. See § 90.604 (“[A] witness may not testify to a matter unless
Copy

Howard Bros. v. Sotuyo, 472 So. 2d 1264 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 10 Fla. L. Weekly 1642

...positions was not established. We reject this argument because the evidence of Veasey's position in the department, together with the evidence of his experience and other credentials, was an adequate foundation for the testimony that followed. See, Section 90.604, Florida Statutes (1983)....
Copy

Steve Matthews v. the State of Florida (Fla. 3d DCA 2025).

Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal

witness has personal knowledge of the matter. § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (2009). Where a witness has no personal
Copy

Richard Allen Johnson v. Michael D. Crews, etc. (Fla. 2014).

Published | Supreme Court of Florida

...nion testimony regarding a subject on which Vitale was not competent to testify. This argument is without merit because Vitale was simply testifying about his observations and interpretation of Johnson’s nonverbal actions, which was proper. See § 90.604, Fla....
Copy

Snelling & Snelling, Inc. v. Kaplan, 614 So. 2d 665 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1993 Fla. App. LEXIS 2248, 1993 WL 48258

Browning’s personal knowledge of the matter. See § 90.-604, Fla.Stat. (1991). Nor could the ledger be considered
Copy

A&A Elec. Servs., Inc. v. Jurado, 198 So. 3d 37 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015).

Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal

...In general, a witness is limited to testifying to facts that are within the witness's knowledge rather than the witness's speculation and conjecture. See, e.g., Kennard v. State, 28 So. 858, 859 (Fla. 1900); Roseman v. Town Square Ass'n, 810 So. 2d 516, 521 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); see also § 90.604, Fla. Stat....
Copy

L.L. v. State (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2016).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

layperson’s personal knowledge.” Id.; see also § 90.604, Fla. Stat. (“Except as

This Florida statute resource is curated by Graham W. Syfert, Esq., a Jacksonville, Florida personal injury and workers' compensation attorney. For legal consultation, call 904-383-7448.