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Florida Statute 916.115 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
Florida Statute 916.115 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
Link to State of Florida Official Statute
F.S. 916.115 Case Law from Google Scholar Google Search for Amendments to 916.115

The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title XLVII
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CORRECTIONS
Chapter 916
MENTALLY ILL AND INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED DEFENDANTS
View Entire Chapter
916.115 Appointment of experts.
(1) The court shall appoint no more than three experts to determine the mental condition of a defendant in a criminal case, including competency to proceed, insanity, involuntary placement, and treatment. The experts may evaluate the defendant in jail or in another appropriate local facility or in a facility of the Department of Corrections.
(a) The court-appointed experts shall:
1. Be a psychiatrist, licensed psychologist, or physician.
2. Have completed initial and annual forensic evaluator training, provided by the department.
3. If performing juvenile evaluations, have completed initial and annual juvenile forensic competency evaluation training provided by the department.
(b) Existing evaluators as of July 1, 2024, shall complete department-provided annual forensic evaluator training by July 1, 2026, to remain active on the list described in paragraph (c).
(c) The department shall maintain and annually provide the courts with a list of available mental health professionals who have completed the initial and annual training as experts.
(2) The court shall pay for any expert that it appoints by court order, upon motion of counsel for the defendant or the state or upon its own motion. If the defense or the state retains an expert and waives the confidentiality of the expert’s report, the court may pay for no more than two additional experts appointed by court order. If an expert appointed by the court upon motion of counsel for the defendant specifically to evaluate the competence of the defendant to proceed also addresses issues related to sanity as an affirmative defense, the court shall pay only for that portion of the expert’s fees relating to the evaluation on competency to proceed, and the balance of the fees shall be chargeable to the defense.
(a) Pursuant to s. 29.006, the office of the public defender shall pay for any expert retained by the office.
(b) Pursuant to s. 29.005, the office of the state attorney shall pay for any expert retained by the office and for any expert whom the office retains and whom the office moves the court to appoint in order to ensure that the expert has access to the defendant.
(c) An expert retained by the defendant who is represented by private counsel appointed under s. 27.5303 shall be paid by the Justice Administrative Commission.
(d) An expert retained by a defendant who is indigent for costs as determined by the court and who is represented by private counsel, other than private counsel appointed under s. 27.5303, on a fee or pro bono basis, or who is representing himself or herself, shall be paid by the Justice Administrative Commission from funds specifically appropriated for these expenses.
(e) State employees shall be reimbursed for expenses pursuant to s. 112.061.
(f) The fees shall be taxed as costs in the case.
(g) In order for an expert to be paid for the services rendered, the expert’s report and testimony must explicitly address each of the factors and follow the procedures set out in this chapter and in the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure.
History.s. 1, ch. 80-75; s. 5, ch. 82-176; s. 5, ch. 83-274; s. 25, ch. 84-285; s. 34, ch. 85-167; s. 18, ch. 94-154; s. 1528, ch. 97-102; s. 14, ch. 98-92; s. 58, ch. 2005-236; s. 10, ch. 2006-195; s. 11, ch. 2025-143.
Note.Former s. 916.11.

F.S. 916.115 on Google Scholar

F.S. 916.115 on CourtListener

Amendments to 916.115


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 916.115

Total Results: 17  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Off. of State Attorney v. Polites, 904 So. 2d 527 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005).

Cited 8 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal

...equired in a court hearing by law. The respondent further contends that sections 29.005(4) and 29.006(4) require the State Attorney's Office and the Public Defender's Office, respectively, to pay for mental health professionals appointed pursuant to section 916.115(2), Florida Statutes (2004), and required in a court hearing involving an indigent defendant....
...On August 26, 2004, the Chair of the Trial Court Budget Commission sent a memorandum to all Chief Judges and Trial Court Administrators explaining the policy decisions of the Commission. The memorandum states that any experts appointed pursuant to section 916.115(2) are to be paid from either the State Attorney's, Public Defender's, or court-appointed counsel's budget regardless of who asks for the appointment....
...3d DCA 1983) (common law certiorari held as the appropriate vehicle for appellate court to review a trial court's order requiring the State Attorney's Office to pay for half of a defense exhibit ordered by the Public Defender's Office). The relevant statutes and rules are sections 29.004(6), 29.005(3) and (4), [2] 916.115, Florida Statutes (2004), and Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 3.210(b) and 3.218(c)....
...the state attorney deems necessary for the performance of his or her duties. 4) Mental health professionals appointed pursuant to s. 394.473 and required in a court hearing involving an indigent, and mental health professionals appointed pursuant to s. 916.115(2) and required in a court hearing involving an indigent. Section 916.115 sets forth the scheme for the appointment of experts: (1)(b) The court may appoint no more than three nor fewer than two experts to determine issues of the mental conditions of a defendant in a criminal case, including the issues of competency to proceed, insanity and involuntary hospitalization or placement ....
...ndant.... In addition, the Florida Legislature provided for the application of state revenues to the State Attorney's Office, the Public Defender's Office, and court-appointed counsel to cover the costs of mental health experts appointed pursuant to section 916.115(2)....
...The Florida Legislature also provided for the application of state revenues to the courts' system to cover the costs of expert witnesses not requested by any party that are appointed by the court pursuant to an express grant of statutory authority. See § 29.004(6), Fla. Stat. (2004). Section 916.115(1)(b) provides that express grant of statutory authority....
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Aaron Beal Wanless v. State of Florida, 271 So. 3d 1219 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...twenty-year term (also pursuant to 10-20-Life) for the remaining count. II. Wanless’s first argument is that the trial court should have excluded the State’s expert testimony about his sanity. Wanless argues that section 916.115(1)(a), Florida Statutes—which provides that court-appointed experts who evaluate defendants for 1 § 775.087, Fla....
...t a psychiatrist, licensed psychologist, or physician. But this argument confuses the qualifications of experts the court appoints to evaluate sanity with the qualifications of experts parties present at trial. Although experts appointed pursuant to section 916.115 sometimes testify at trial, see Fla....
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Williams v. State, 134 So. 3d 975 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2012 WL 1109129, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 5234

PER CURIAM. An amended information charged Re-nard Williams (Appellant) with two counts of armed robbery with a firearm while wearing a mask. Appointed counsel filed a notice under section 916.115, Florida Statutes (2009), and Florida Rule of Criminal *976 Procedure 3.210(b)(1) alleging reasonable grounds to believe Appellant was not mentally competent to stand trial and seeking a hearing....
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WZ v. State, 35 So. 3d 51 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2010 WL 1507010

...t reporter shall furnish with reasonable diligence a transcript of the testimony and proceedings; and the costs for same shall be taxed as costs in the case. (emphasis added). [3] Mental competency evaluations in criminal proceedings are governed by section 916.115.
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Miami-Dade Cnty. v. Jones, 793 So. 2d 902 (Fla. 2001).

Cited 2 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 26 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 533, 2001 Fla. LEXIS 1658, 2001 WL 950230

...for determination of competency pursuant to this Court's ruling in Carter. The trial court found that a competency evaluation was necessary, and asked each party to submit the names of two experts, but only from the court-approved list, pursuant to section 916.115(1), Florida Statutes (2000)....
...he training of mental health experts, the appointment and compensation of these experts, and the nature and scope of the competency evaluations of defendants who are alleged to be mentally ill. After careful review of this chapter, we determine that section 916.115, Florida Statutes (2000), dictates that the County has financial responsibility for the court expert witness cost at issue in this case. Section 916.115 provides in pertinent part: 916.115 Appointment of experts.— (1)(a).......
...igated for the expert witness fees incurred during competency evaluations authorized by rule 3.851(d), which are fundamentally designed to protect the identical interests recognized under the statutory provisions. The County maintains, however, that section 916.115 cannot provide a statutory basis requiring them to be financially obligated to cover the cost at issue in this case because this statute relates to "criminal" proceedings, whereas postconviction proceedings are "civil" in nature....
...Both parties were only allowed to suggest an expert from the court-approved list. Thus, CCRC did not independently seek out and hire Dr. Latterner. III. CONCLUSION After thorough review of the issue presented, we conclude that this case is governed by sections 43.28 and 916.115 of the Florida Statutes....
...SHAW, HARDING, ANSTEAD, PARIENTE, and LEWIS, JJ., concur. QUINCE, J., concurs in result only. WELLS, C.J., concurs in part and dissents in part with an opinion. WELLS, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part. I concur in the result that this county can be properly required to pay this cost under section 916.115, Florida Statutes....
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W.Z. v. State, 35 So. 3d 51 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 5048

...urt reporter shall furnish with reasonable diligence a transcript of the testimony and proceedings; and the costs for same shall be taxed as costs in the case. (emphasis added). . Mental competency evaluations in criminal proceedings are governed by section 916.115.
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Gregory David Larkin v. State of Florida, 147 So. 3d 452 (Fla. 2014).

Cited 1 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 2014 Fla. LEXIS 1671, 2014 WL 2118192

...resent ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding—and whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.” Dusky v. United States, 362 U.S. 402, 402 (1960); see § 916.115, Fla....
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TITA v. State, 42 So. 3d 838 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 10846, 2010 WL 2925435

...See In re Amendments to the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, 26 So.3d 534, 537 (Fla.2009) (amending Rule 3.210 to "reflect statutory changes relating to funding of experts and examinations to determine mental competency"); Ch. 2005-236, Laws of Fla. (amending section 916.115 to eliminate language requiring the court to appoint no fewer than two experts)....
...ding the court " may order the defendant to be examined by no more than 3 experts, as needed, prior to the date of the hearing." Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.210(b) (2010) (emphasis supplied). As discussed above, the statute relating to appointment of experts, section 916.115, was amended in 2005 to remove language that required a court to appoint no fewer than two experts. The current statute provides that a court "shall appoint no more than three experts ..." § 916.115(1), Fla....
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Manuel v. State, 162 So. 3d 1157 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 6001, 2015 WL 1851542

...This was error. As will be discussed below, although Kidder provided support for the reasoning offered by the trial court to compel production of Dr. Olander’s report, we find the provisions contained within Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.216(a) and section 916.115(2), Florida Statutes (2012), as well as the numerous decisions discussing the confidentiality of mental health evaluations, to be far more specific on the issue of whether the reports of mental health experts are protected by the attorney-client privilege....
...sing and calling as witnesses psychiatrists hired by an accused or his counsel for the sole purpose of aiding in the preparation of an insanity defense, except in cases where the public interest in the administration of justice is undermined). *1161 Section 916.115(2), Florida Statutes (2012), also supports the principle that a competency evaluation prepared by an expert retained by the defense is a confidential document....
...if disclosed. However, ... the Wuesthoff report does not contain work product.”) (citation omitted). . We reject any contention that without Dr. Olander’s report the State has no way of knowing whether Manuel is competent to proceed. Pursuant to section 916.115, Florida Statutes, the State may request the trial court to appoint no more than three experts for the purpose of determining Manuel’s competency to proceed. See § 916.115, Fla....
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Gaskin v. State, 798 So. 2d 721 (Fla. 2001).

Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 26 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 685, 2001 Fla. LEXIS 2080, 2001 WL 1241185

...The clerks’ fees at issue in these cases are like transcript costs, which we have already determined are the financial responsibility of CCRC. See Porter, 700 So.2d at 648 . Importantly, in Jones , we found a statutory basis requiring counties to pay for competency exams. See Jones, 793 So.2d at 906 (“[W]e determine that section 916.115, Florida Statutes (2000), dictates that the County has financial responsibility for the court expert witness cost....”)....
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Yancy v. State, 88 So. 3d 1040 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012).

Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2012 WL 1934462, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 8743

...Here, the defendant has not asserted a mental health defense and the defendant’s mental health is not at issue during the penalty phase of the case. This dichotomy regarding the appointment of experts, depending on the nature of the examination, is recognized by section 916.115, Florida Statutes (2011). Section 916.115 initially states in subsection (1): “The court shall appoint no more than three experts to determine the mental condition of a defendant in a criminal case, including competency to proceed, insanity, involuntary placement, and treatment.” (emphasis added)....
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Alagabara Awolowo v. State of Florida (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2024).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.210(b) and section 916.115, Florida Statutes. In the motion, counsel alleged
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Ralph Waldo Emerson, IV v. State of Florida (Fla. 1st DCA 2025).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...3.216(a) (emphasis supplied). Unlike rule 3.210, rule 3.216 provides that the “expert shall report only to the attorney for the defendant,” matters contained therein “fall[ing] under the lawyer- client privilege.” Id. This rule works in conjunction with section 916.115, Florida Statutes, which allows a private attorney appointed to represent an indigent defendant—like Emerson’s counsel was—to have access to expert services at public expense. That clearly is what counsel was trying to do as he prepared for sentencing....
...3.210(b) (emphasis supplied). The motion also did not set out any facts to demonstrate this reasonable ground, and it mentioned that the Justice Administration Commission will not be responding to the motion because the expert, if appointed by court order, would be paid by the court—another reference to section 916.115’s indigency cost- payment provisions. The trial court’s order nevertheless cited both rule 3.210 and section 916.115, but it did not find there to be a 18 “reasonable ground to believe” that Emerson was not competent to proceed to sentencing....
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Thomas v. State, 93 So. 3d 404 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012).

Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 2012 WL 2471318, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 10580

section 916.12(1), the trial court, under section 916.115(1), appointed two mental health experts to
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Dep't of Child. & Families v. Alvarado, 946 So. 2d 130 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007).

Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2007 Fla. App. LEXIS 483, 2007 WL 120072

...Alvarado incompetent to proceed in his criminal case, and involuntarily committing Alvarado to the Department for mental health treatment pursuant to section 916.13, Florida Statutes (2006). The order on review states that the trial court based its decision solely upon the written reports of experts appointed pursuant to section 916.115, Florida Statutes (2006), and Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.210(b)....
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Dep't of Child. & Families v. State of Florida & William Elvey (Fla. 5th DCA 2024).

Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal

...understanding of the proceedings against . . . him.” See § 916.12(1), Fla. Stat. (2023). Generally, an expert witness is required “to determine [Elvey’s] mental condition . . . , including competency to proceed, insanity, involuntary placement, and treatment.” See § 916.115(1), Fla....
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Madison v. State, 58 So. 3d 384 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011).

Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 4878, 2011 WL 1326279

PER CURIAM. Channing James Madison appeals an order requiring him to pay $1,400 for competency evaluations ordered by the court. The State correctly acknowledges that this cost should not have been assessed against Madison. See § 916.115, Fla....

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