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Florida Statute 491.009 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
Florida Statute 491.009 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
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The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title XXXII
REGULATION OF PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS
Chapter 491
CLINICAL, COUNSELING, AND PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES
View Entire Chapter
491.009 Discipline.
(1) The following acts constitute grounds for denial of a license or disciplinary action, as specified in s. 456.072(2) or s. 491.017:
(a) Attempting to obtain, obtaining, or renewing a license, registration, or certificate under this chapter by bribery or fraudulent misrepresentation or through an error of the board or the department.
(b) Having a license, registration, or certificate to practice a comparable profession revoked, suspended, or otherwise acted against, including the denial of certification or licensure by another state, territory, or country.
(c) Being convicted or found guilty of, regardless of adjudication, or having entered a plea of nolo contendere to, a crime in any jurisdiction which directly relates to the practice of his or her profession or the ability to practice his or her profession. However, in the case of a plea of nolo contendere, the board shall allow the person who is the subject of the disciplinary proceeding to present evidence in mitigation relevant to the underlying charges and circumstances surrounding the plea.
(d) False, deceptive, or misleading advertising or obtaining a fee or other thing of value on the representation that beneficial results from any treatment will be guaranteed.
(e) Advertising, practicing, or attempting to practice under a name other than one’s own.
(f) Maintaining a professional association with any person who the applicant, licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder knows, or has reason to believe, is in violation of this chapter or of a rule of the department or the board.
(g) Knowingly aiding, assisting, procuring, or advising any nonlicensed, nonregistered, or noncertified person to hold himself or herself out as licensed, registered, or certified under this chapter.
(h) Failing to perform any statutory or legal obligation placed upon a person licensed, registered, or certified under this chapter.
(i) Willfully making or filing a false report or record; failing to file a report or record required by state or federal law; willfully impeding or obstructing the filing of a report or record; or inducing another person to make or file a false report or record or to impede or obstruct the filing of a report or record. Such report or record includes only a report or record which requires the signature of a person licensed, registered, or certified under this chapter.
(j) Paying a kickback, rebate, bonus, or other remuneration for receiving a patient or client, or receiving a kickback, rebate, bonus, or other remuneration for referring a patient or client to another provider of mental health care services or to a provider of health care services or goods; referring a patient or client to oneself for services on a fee-paid basis when those services are already being paid for by some other public or private entity; or entering into a reciprocal referral agreement.
(k) Committing any act upon a patient or client which would constitute sexual battery or which would constitute sexual misconduct as defined pursuant to s. 491.0111.
(l) Making misleading, deceptive, untrue, or fraudulent representations in the practice of any profession licensed, registered, or certified under this chapter.
(m) Soliciting patients or clients personally, or through an agent, through the use of fraud, intimidation, undue influence, or a form of overreaching or vexatious conduct.
(n) Failing to make available to a patient or client, upon written request, copies of tests, reports, or documents in the possession or under the control of the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder which have been prepared for and paid for by the patient or client.
(o) Failing to respond within 30 days to a written communication from the department or the board concerning any investigation by the department or the board, or failing to make available any relevant records with respect to any investigation about the licensee’s, registered intern’s, or certificateholder’s conduct or background.
(p) Being unable to practice the profession for which he or she is licensed, registered, or certified under this chapter with reasonable skill or competence as a result of any mental or physical condition or by reason of illness; drunkenness; or excessive use of drugs, narcotics, chemicals, or any other substance. In enforcing this paragraph, upon a finding by the State Surgeon General, the State Surgeon General’s designee, or the board that probable cause exists to believe that the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder is unable to practice the profession because of the reasons stated in this paragraph, the department shall have the authority to compel a licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder to submit to a mental or physical examination by psychologists, physicians, or other licensees under this chapter, designated by the department or board. If the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder refuses to comply with such order, the department’s order directing the examination may be enforced by filing a petition for enforcement in the circuit court in the circuit in which the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder resides or does business. The licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder against whom the petition is filed may not be named or identified by initials in any public court records or documents, and the proceedings shall be closed to the public. The department shall be entitled to the summary procedure provided in s. 51.011. A licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder affected under this paragraph shall at reasonable intervals be afforded an opportunity to demonstrate that he or she can resume the competent practice for which he or she is licensed, registered, or certified with reasonable skill and safety to patients.
(q) Performing any treatment or prescribing any therapy which, by the prevailing standards of the mental health professions in the community, would constitute experimentation on human subjects, without first obtaining full, informed, and written consent.
(r) Failing to meet the minimum standards of performance in professional activities when measured against generally prevailing peer performance, including the undertaking of activities for which the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder is not qualified by training or experience.
(s) Delegating professional responsibilities to a person who the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder knows or has reason to know is not qualified by training or experience to perform such responsibilities.
(t) Violating a rule relating to the regulation of the profession or a lawful order of the department or the board previously entered in a disciplinary hearing.
(u) Failure of the licensee, registered intern, or certificateholder to maintain in confidence a communication made by a patient or client in the context of such services, except as provided in s. 491.0147.
(v) Making public statements which are derived from test data, client contacts, or behavioral research and which identify or damage research subjects or clients.
(w) Violating any provision of this chapter or chapter 456, or any rules adopted pursuant thereto.
(2)(a) The board or, in the case of certified master social workers, the department may enter an order denying licensure or imposing any of the penalties authorized in s. 456.072(2) against any applicant for licensure or any licensee who violates subsection (1) or s. 456.072(1).
(b) The board may take adverse action against a clinical social worker’s, a marriage and family therapist’s, or a mental health counselor’s privilege to practice under the Professional Counselors Licensure Compact pursuant to s. 491.017 and may impose any of the penalties in s. 456.072(2) if the clinical social worker, marriage and family therapist, or mental health counselor commits an act specified in subsection (1) or s. 456.072(1).
History.ss. 15, 19, ch. 87-252; ss. 9, 19, 20, ch. 90-263; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 229, ch. 96-410; s. 1136, ch. 97-103; s. 16, ch. 97-198; s. 208, ch. 97-264; s. 154, ch. 98-166; s. 214, ch. 2000-160; s. 53, ch. 2001-277; s. 28, ch. 2005-240; s. 103, ch. 2008-6; s. 9, ch. 2019-134; s. 123, ch. 2020-2; s. 47, ch. 2020-133; s. 9, ch. 2022-63; s. 107, ch. 2023-8.

F.S. 491.009 on Google Scholar

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Amendments to 491.009


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 491.009

Total Results: 8  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Stogniew v. McQueen, 656 So. 2d 917 (Fla. 1995).

Cited 46 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 1995 WL 256203

...en with the Department of Professional Regulation (DPR). Thereafter, Stogniew also filed a civil action against McQueen for negligence. While the civil action was pending, a final decision was reached by DPR which concluded that McQueen had violated section 491.009(2)(s), Florida Statutes (1989), [1] by failing to meet *919 the minimum standards of performance in his professional relationship with Stogniew when measured against generally prevailing peer performance....
...Therefore, she was not in privity nor was she virtually represented by DPR. [4] *921 Therefore, we approve the decision of the court below and answer the certified question in the negative. It is so ordered. OVERTON, SHAW, KOGAN, HARDING, WELLS and ANSTEAD, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] Section 491.009(2) provides in relevant part: The following acts of licensee, certificateholder, or applicant are grounds for which the disciplinary actions ......
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Chrysler v. Dept. of Pro. Reg., 627 So. 2d 31 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993).

Cited 3 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1993 WL 462703

...The Respondent was denied a license to practice a psychological service in Nebraska prior to his application for licensure in Florida. Based upon his response to the application question regarding prior denial of licensure and the inaccurate verification form, Chrysler was charged with violating sections 491.009(2)(a) and 491.009(2)(q), Florida Statutes (1991)....
...CHAIRMAN: As we look at the stipulation which we counter-proposed ... I think things have changed somewhat since then... . I think there's been some real questions brought up during this meeting. Mr. Szuch has acknowledged those questions. The Board formally voted to revoke Chrysler's license based on violation of section 491.009(2)(a) and to impose an administrative fine based on violation of section 491.009(2)(q)....
...Accordingly, we reverse and remand for a consistent proceeding in which the Board may, if it so desires, amend its administrative complaint to include the allegations of sexual misconduct. Our disposition of this matter makes it unnecessary to address the remaining issues on appeal. SMITH and KAHN, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] Section 491.009(2)(a) authorizes disciplinary action where an applicant attempts to obtain, obtains, or renews a license or certificate by bribery or fraudulent misrepresentation or through an error of the board or the department. Section 491.009(2)(q) authorizes disciplinary action for violations of chapter 455, including violations of section 455.227(1)(e), for "obtain[ing a license] by fraud or material misrepresentation of a material fact." [2] Although the Nebraska case w...
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Kasdaglis v. Dep't of Health, 827 So. 2d 328 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002).

Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2002 Fla. App. LEXIS 13984, 2002 WL 31114914

...It would be an Orwellian world that punishes both the failure to inform a parent of a danger to a child, on the one hand, and actually informing the parent of such danger, on the other. We next turn to the other grounds for DOH’s action. The Licensee was also found to have violated section 491.009(l)(n) and (o), 3 which authorize discipline when a Licensee fails to provide patient records upon written request of the patient or fails to make available any relevant records pertinent to the department’s investigation regarding the licensee’s background, respectively....
...om asserting the privilege, and. therefore the Licensee was under no obligation to furnish these records to the mother without her 16-year old child’s consent. As regards the charge that the Licensee failed to furnish the child’s records to DOH, section 491.009(l)(o) requires a licensee to respond to an investigation by an agency or board within 30 days. The record shows that the Licensee did respond to the investigation within 30 days; he promptly filed a detailed denial of the charges and offered further cooperation. Section 491.009(l)(o) also requires a licensee to make available any relevant records about the “the licensee’s background.” When DOH receives a complaint from a party involved in a domestic relations custody dispute accusing a therapist of failing to furnish that parent with a “competent” child’s treatment file, 4 section 491.009(l)(o) does not give DOH the authority to compel the production of the file without the child patient’s consent....
...The record then shows that when presented with evidence of the child’s authorization, the Licensee furnished the records to DOH. Thus the failure to provide records to DOH was similarly unproven. The final charge was that the Licensee failed to meet minimum standards of performance in professional activities as required by section 491.009(l)(r)....
...y someone who lacked the appearance of such a conflict. REVERSED. GUNTHER and MAY, JJ., concur. . The record does not disclose the substance of any custody and visitation decree. . He pleaded his own cause, for he was unrepresented by counsel. . See § 491.009(1), Fla....
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Sanitarians' Reg. Bd. v. Solomon, 142 So. 2d 301 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1962).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1962 Fla. App. LEXIS 3327

the five fields of sanitation enumerated in Section 491.09 as the fields on which examinations are to
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Robert W. Otto v. City of Boca Raton, Florida (11th Cir. 2022).

Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

...therapy, mental-health counseling, and psychological services may not “[f]ail[] to meet the minimum standards of performance in pro- fessional activities when measured against generally prevailing peer performance.” Fla. Stat. §§ 490.009(1)(r); 491.009(1)(r)....
...other words, licensed professionals must comply with the standard of care in their mental-healthcare practices. Historically, Florida has enforced these rules and others like them.12 So when it comes to talk therapy, under Fla. Stat. §§ 490.009(1)(r) and 491.009(1)(r), Florida has undertaken disciplinary actions against licensed practitioners whom the State concludes have failed to meet the substantive standard of care....
...2020-05957, the Depart- ment brought a complaint against a licensed clinical social worker that alleged he “failed to meet the minimum standards of perfor- mance in clinical social work when measured against generally pre- vailing peer performance,” in violation of Fla. Stat. § 491.009(1)(r). Fla....
...of performance in professional activities when measured against USCA11 Case: 19-10604 Date Filed: 07/20/2022 Page: 52 of 110 20 ROSENBAUM, J., Dissenting 19-10604 generally prevailing peer performance,” in violation of Fla. Stat. § 491.009(1)(r)....
...2006-00013 (Department brought a complaint against a licensed mental-health counselor that alleged she “fail[ed] to meet the minimum standards of performance in professional ac- tivities when measured against generally prevailing peer perfor- mance,” in violation of Fla. Stat. § 491.009(1)(r), by, among other things, “showing a lack of professionalism in [her] written commu- nications to the [client]”); Fla....
...2016-14260—where Florida disciplined a licensed social worker and marriage and fam- ily therapist for “[f]ailing to meet the minimum standards of per- formance in professional activities when measured against gener- ally prevailing peer performance,” in violation of Fla. Stat. § 491.009(1)(r), by, among other things, “utilizing incorporation therapy” in treatment and “failing to use a therapy approach in her treatment ....
...tions are no different from disciplining a licensed professional for “[f]ailing to meet the mini- mum standards of performance in clinical social work when meas- ured against generally prevailing peer performance,” in violation of Fla. Stat. § 491.009(l)(r), by “utilizing [SOCE] therapy.” All these USCA11 Case: 19-10604 Date Filed: 07/20/2022 Page: 61 of 110 19-10604 ROSENBAUM, J., Dissenting 29 examples sanction a l...
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Smith v. Dorsey, 725 So. 2d 1196 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1998 Fla. App. LEXIS 16461, 1998 WL 906704

...He was advised that his failure to respond might result in Pagni’s being denied licensure. He responded as a psychologist and acknowledged a professional relationship with Pagni. He then deceived the Department concerning Pagni’s background in violation of section 491.009(1), (2), Florida Statutes, and, because of such deceit, Pagni was licensed and permitted to practice counseling vdth youths, members of the class intended to be protected by the statute....
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Harris v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 671 So. 2d 230 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1996).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1996 Fla. App. LEXIS 3470, 1996 WL 159346

advertisements, and signs, *231naming the licensee.” Section 491.009(2)(q), Florida Statutes (1991), indicates that
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Gerard Kruse v. State of Florida, Dep't of Health, etc., 270 So. 3d 475 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...Therefore, there are no less restrictive means than the terms outlined in this Order that will adequately protect the public. (Emphasis added). In its conclusions of law, the Department recognized the seriousness with which the Legislature and the Department view this type of misconduct: 2. Section 491.009(1)(k), Florida Statutes (2016-2017), subjects a clinical social worker to discipline, including restriction, for committing any act upon a patient or client which would constitute sexual battery or which would constitu...
...Field admitted the sexual conduct, although he claimed it was consensual. These distinctions are unavailing. The Legislature specifically authorized action against a social worker’s conduct not only for sexual battery but also for sexual misconduct. § 491.009(1)(k), Fla....

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