The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title X
PUBLIC OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AND RECORDS

Chapter 112
PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES: GENERAL PROVISIONS

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F.S. 112.044

112.044 Public employers, employment agencies, labor organizations; discrimination based on age prohibited; exceptions; remedy.—

(1) LEGISLATIVE INTENT; PURPOSE.—The Legislature finds and declares that in the face of rising productivity and affluence, older workers find themselves disadvantaged, both in their efforts to retain employment and in their efforts to regain employment when displaced from jobs. The setting of arbitrary age limits, irrespective of capability for job performance, has become a common practice, and certain otherwise desirable practices may work to the disadvantage of older persons. In comparison to the incidence of unemployment among younger workers, the incidence of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment with resultant deterioration of skill, morale, and employer acceptability, is high among older workers, whose numbers are great and growing and whose employment problems are grave. In industries affecting commerce, the existence of arbitrary discrimination in employment because of age burdens commerce and the free flow of goods. It is the purpose of this act to promote employment of older persons based on ability rather than age and to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment.

(2) DEFINITIONS.—For the purpose of this act:

(a) “Employee” means an individual employed by any employer.

(b) “Employer” means the state or any county, municipality, or special district or any subdivision or agency thereof. This definition shall not apply to any law enforcement agency or firefighting agency in this state.

(c) “Employment agency” means any person, including any agent thereof, regularly undertaking, with or without compensation, to procure employees for an employer, including state and local employment services receiving federal assistance.

(3) PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES; EXCEPTIONS.—

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (f), it is unlawful for an employer to:

1. Fail or refuse to hire, discharge or mandatorily retire, or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to the compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of age.

2. Limit, segregate, or classify employees in any way which would deprive, or tend to deprive, any individual of employment opportunities, or otherwise adversely affect an individual’s status as an employee, because of age.

3. Reduce the wage rate of any employee or otherwise alter the terms or conditions of employment in order to comply with this act, unless such a reduction is with the employee’s express or implied consent.

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (f), it is unlawful for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer for employment, or otherwise to discriminate against, any individual because of age or to classify or refer for employment any individual on the basis of age.

1. Exclude or expel from its membership, or otherwise discriminate against, any individual because of age.

2. Limit, segregate, or classify its membership, or fail or refuse to refer for employment any individual, in any way which would limit, deprive, or tend to deprive the individual of employment opportunities or which would otherwise adversely affect the individual’s status as an employee or as an applicant for employment solely because of age.

3. Cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an individual in violation of this section.

(d) It is unlawful:

1. For an employer to discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment;

2. For an employment agency to discriminate against any individual; or

3. For a labor organization to discriminate against any member or applicant for membership,

because such employee, applicant for employment, individual, member, or applicant for membership has opposed any practice made unlawful by this section or because the employee, applicant for employment, individual, member, or applicant for membership has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, a proceeding, or litigation under this act.

(e) Except as provided in paragraph (f), it is unlawful for an employer, labor organization, or employment agency to print or publish, or cause to be printed or published, any notice or advertisement relating to:

1. Employment by such employer;

2. Membership in such labor organization or any classification or referral for employment by such labor organization; or

3. Any classification or referral for employment by such employment agency,

which notice or advertisement indicates any preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination based on age.

(f) It is not unlawful for an employer, employment agency, or labor organization to:

1. Take any action otherwise prohibited under paragraph (a), paragraph (b), paragraph (c), or paragraph (e), based on a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the particular business.

2. Observe the terms of a bona fide seniority system or any bona fide employee benefit plan, such as a retirement, pension, or insurance plan, which is not a subterfuge to evade the purposes of this act.

3. Discharge or otherwise discipline an individual for good cause.

(4) APPEAL; CIVIL SUIT AUTHORIZED.—Any employee of the state who is within the Career Service System established by chapter 110 and who is aggrieved by a violation of this act may appeal to the Public Employees Relations Commission under the conditions and following the procedures prescribed in part II of chapter 447. Any person other than an employee who is within the Career Service System established by chapter 110, or any person employed by the Public Employees Relations Commission, who is aggrieved by a violation of this act may bring a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction for such legal or equitable relief as will effectuate the purposes of this act.

(5) NOTICE TO BE POSTED.—Each employer, employment agency, and labor organization shall post and keep posted in conspicuous places upon its premises notices required by the United States Department of Labor and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

History.—ss. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, ch. 76-208; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 7, ch. 79-7; s. 31, ch. 79-190; s. 4, ch. 81-169; s. 75, ch. 86-163; s. 679, ch. 95-147; s. 5, ch. 2011-213; s. 30, ch. 2023-8.

F.S. 112.044 on Google Scholar

F.S. 112.044 on Casetext

Amendments to 112.044

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 112.044

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 112.044.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

CRISMAN, v. FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES,, 659 F. App'x 572 (11th Cir. 2016)

. . . . § 112.044(3)(a), case in her race and sex discrimination action against Florida Atlantic University . . . Florida ADEA claim with prejudice following our determination the consent-to-suit provision in section 112.044 . . . Stat. § 112.044(4); see also Hartley v. . . . Section 112.044(4) appears to authorize Crisman to pursue an action under the Florida ADEA against FAU . . . Stat. § 112.044(4); see also Hartley, 476 So.2d at 1330 n.1. . . .

CRISMAN, v. FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES,, 572 F. App'x 946 (11th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 112.044. . . . Stat. § 112.044. . . . Stat. § 112.044(4), which included federal courts. . . . Stat. § 112.044(4) (emphasis added). . . . Stat. § 112.044. . . .

A. BOLANOS, v. WORKFORCE ALLIANCE Am-, 23 So. 3d 171 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . .” §§ 112.044(2)(b), 760.02(8), Fla. Stat. (2006). . . . Compare § 112.044(1), Fla. . . .

KIMEL v. FLORIDA BOARD OF REGENTS, 528 U.S. 62 (U.S. 2000)

. . . . §§ 112.044, 760.01 et seq. (1997 and 1998 Supp.); Ga. . . .

J. SNAIR, v. CITY OF CLEARWATER,, 846 F. Supp. 62 (M.D. Fla. 1994)

. . . . § 112.044; Fla.Stat. § 760.10. . . .

J. SNAIR, v. CITY OF CLEARWATER,, 817 F. Supp. 108 (M.D. Fla. 1993)

. . . . § 112.044; Fla.Stat. § 760.10. . . . Fla.Stat. § 112.044. . . .

J. SNAIR, v. CITY OF CLEARWATER,, 787 F. Supp. 1401 (M.D. Fla. 1992)

. . . section 2, of the Florida Constitution; the Florida Age Discrimination in Employment Act (FL-ADEA) (§ 112.044 . . . Florida Statutes § 112.044 (1991). . Florida Statutes § 760.10 (1991). . . . .

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, v. SCHOOL BOARD OF PINELLAS COUNTY, FLORIDA,, 742 F. Supp. 622 (M.D. Fla. 1990)

. . . . — Notwithstanding the provisions of s.112.044, no person shall be entitled to continued employment . . .

S. CARTER, v. CITY OF MIAMI,, 870 F.2d 578 (11th Cir. 1989)

. . . Carter also charged violation of two corresponding Florida statutes, §§ 760.10(8)(b) and 112.044(4). . . .

P. MORROW, v. DUVAL COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, v. DUVAL COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD,, 514 So. 2d 1086 (Fla. 1987)

. . . . — Notwithstanding the provisions of s. 112.044, no person shall be entitled to continued employment . . . This act is now codified in section 112.044, Florida Statutes (1985). . . . We find that section 231.031 should be read in pari materia with section 760.10 and section 112.044, . . . We find that the provisions of section 231.031 that exempt the school board from section 112.044 of the . . .

DUVAL COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, v. STATE DEPT. OF ADMINISTRATION, P., 500 So. 2d 158 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1986)

. . . Notwithstanding the provisions of s. 112.044, no person shall be entitled to continued employment in . . . to legal issues involving the proper application of Section 231.031 and its interplay with Sections 112.044 . . . Section 112.044 prohibits public employers from engaging in certain discriminatory acts based on age. . . . Section 112.044(3)(a)l. provides: (3) PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES; EXCEPTIONS. . . . , a section which is even more specific than Section 760.10 (in the sense that Section 112.044 deals . . . Second, I agree with the Commission’s rationale that the exception to the application of section 112.044 . . . which does not deny effect to the statute, but rather limits the effect of the exception of section 112.044 . . .

M. HARTLEY, v. OCEAN REEF CLUB, INC., 476 So. 2d 1327 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1985)

. . . by county or municipal employer on basis of race, color, sex, religious creed or national origin); § 112.044 . . .

P. MURPHY, v. L. MACK, 358 So. 2d 822 (Fla. 1978)

. . . Comparing Section 447.203, Florida Statutes (1975), and Section 112.044, Florida Statutes (1976), (which . . .