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Florida Statute 409.905 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
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The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title XXX
SOCIAL WELFARE
Chapter 409
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
View Entire Chapter
409.905 Mandatory Medicaid services.The agency may make payments for the following services, which are required of the state by Title XIX of the Social Security Act, furnished by Medicaid providers to recipients who are determined to be eligible on the dates on which the services were provided. Any service under this section shall be provided only when medically necessary and in accordance with state and federal law. Mandatory services rendered by providers in mobile units to Medicaid recipients may be restricted by the agency. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent or limit the agency from adjusting fees, reimbursement rates, lengths of stay, number of visits, number of services, or any other adjustments necessary to comply with the availability of moneys and any limitations or directions provided for in the General Appropriations Act or chapter 216.
(1) ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSE SERVICES.The agency shall pay for services provided to a recipient by a licensed advanced practice registered nurse who has a valid collaboration agreement with a licensed physician on file with the Department of Health or who provides anesthesia services in accordance with established protocol required by state law and approved by the medical staff of the facility in which the anesthetic service is performed. Reimbursement for such services must be provided in an amount that equals not less than 80 percent of the reimbursement to a physician who provides the same services, unless otherwise provided for in the General Appropriations Act. The agency shall also pay for services provided to a recipient by a licensed advanced practice registered nurse who is registered to engage in autonomous practice under s. 464.0123.
(2) EARLY AND PERIODIC SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT SERVICES.The agency shall pay for early and periodic screening and diagnosis of a recipient under age 21 to ascertain physical and mental problems and conditions and all services determined by the agency to be medically necessary for the treatment, correction, or amelioration of these problems and conditions, including personal care, private duty nursing, durable medical equipment, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, respiratory therapy, and immunizations.
(3) FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES.The agency shall pay for services necessary to enable a recipient voluntarily to plan family size or to space children. These services include information; education; counseling regarding the availability, benefits, and risks of each method of pregnancy prevention; drugs and supplies; and necessary medical care and followup. Each recipient participating in the family planning portion of the Medicaid program must be provided freedom to choose any alternative method of family planning, as required by federal law.
(4) HOME HEALTH CARE SERVICES.The agency shall pay for nursing and home health aide services, supplies, appliances, and durable medical equipment, necessary to assist a recipient living at home. An entity that provides such services must be licensed under part III of chapter 400. These services, equipment, and supplies, or reimbursement therefor, may be limited as provided in the General Appropriations Act and do not include services, equipment, or supplies provided to a person residing in a hospital or nursing facility.
(a) The agency shall require prior authorization of home health services based on diagnosis, utilization rates, and billing rates. The home health agency must submit the recipient’s plan of care and documentation that supports the recipient’s diagnosis to the agency when requesting prior authorization.
(b) The agency shall implement a comprehensive utilization management program of all private duty nursing services, an individualized treatment plan that includes information about medication and treatment orders, treatment goals, methods of care to be used, and plans for care coordination by nurses and other health professionals. The utilization management program must also include a process for periodically reviewing the ongoing use of private duty nursing services. The assessment of need shall be based on a child’s condition; family support and care supplements; a family’s ability to provide care; a family’s and child’s schedule regarding work, school, sleep, and care for other family dependents; and a determination of the medical necessity for private duty nursing instead of other more cost-effective in-home services. When implemented, the private duty nursing utilization management program shall replace the current authorization program used by the agency and the Children’s Medical Services program of the Department of Health. The agency may competitively bid a contract to select a qualified organization to provide utilization management of private duty nursing services. The agency may seek federal waivers to implement this initiative.
(c) The agency may not pay for home health services unless the services are medically necessary and:
1. The services are ordered by a physician, an advanced practice registered nurse, or a physician assistant.
2. The written prescription for the services is signed and dated by the recipient’s physician, advanced practice registered nurse, or physician assistant before the development of a plan of care and before any request requiring prior authorization.
3. The physician, advanced practice registered nurse, or physician assistant ordering the services is not employed, under contract with, or otherwise affiliated with the home health agency rendering the services. However, this subparagraph does not apply to a home health agency affiliated with a retirement community, of which the parent corporation or a related legal entity owns a rural health clinic certified under 42 C.F.R. part 491, subpart A, ss. 1-11; a nursing home licensed under part II of chapter 400; or an apartment or single-family home for independent living. For purposes of this subparagraph, the agency may, on a case-by-case basis, provide an exception for medically fragile children who are younger than 21 years of age.
4. The physician, advanced practice registered nurse, or physician assistant ordering the services has examined the recipient within the 30 days preceding the initial request for the services and biannually thereafter.
5. The written prescription for the services includes the recipient’s acute or chronic medical condition or diagnosis, the home health service required, and, for skilled nursing services, the frequency and duration of the services.
6. The national provider identifier, Medicaid identification number, or medical practitioner license number of the physician, advanced practice registered nurse, or physician assistant ordering the services is listed on the written prescription for the services, the claim for home health reimbursement, and the prior authorization request.
(5) HOSPITAL INPATIENT SERVICES.The agency shall pay for all covered services provided for the medical care and treatment of a recipient who is admitted as an inpatient by a licensed physician or dentist to a hospital licensed under part I of chapter 395. However, the agency shall limit the payment for inpatient hospital services for a Medicaid recipient 21 years of age or older to 45 days or the number of days necessary to comply with the General Appropriations Act.
(a)1. The agency may implement reimbursement and utilization management reforms in order to comply with any limitations or directions in the General Appropriations Act, which may include, but are not limited to: prior authorization for inpatient psychiatric days; prior authorization for nonemergency hospital inpatient admissions for individuals 21 years of age and older; authorization of emergency and urgent-care admissions within 24 hours after admission; enhanced utilization and concurrent review programs for highly utilized services; reduction or elimination of covered days of service; adjusting reimbursement ceilings for variable costs; adjusting reimbursement ceilings for fixed and property costs; and implementing target rates of increase.
2. The agency may limit prior authorization for hospital inpatient services to selected diagnosis-related groups, based on an analysis of the cost and potential for unnecessary hospitalizations represented by certain diagnoses. Admissions for normal delivery and newborns are exempt from requirements for prior authorization.
3. In implementing the provisions of this section related to prior authorization, the agency shall ensure that the process for authorization is accessible 24 hours per day, 7 days per week and authorization is automatically granted when not denied within 4 hours after the request. Authorization procedures must include steps for review of denials.
4. Upon implementing the prior authorization program for hospital inpatient services, the agency shall discontinue its hospital retrospective review program. However, this subparagraph may not be construed to prevent the agency from conducting retrospective reviews under s. 409.913, including, but not limited to, reviews in which an overpayment is suspected due to a mistake or submission of an improper claim or for other reasons that do not rise to the level of fraud or abuse.
(b) A licensed hospital maintained primarily for the care and treatment of patients having mental disorders or mental diseases is not eligible to participate in the hospital inpatient portion of the Medicaid program except as provided in federal law. However, the department shall apply for a waiver, within 9 months after June 5, 1991, designed to provide hospitalization services for mental health reasons to children and adults in the most cost-effective and lowest cost setting possible. Such waiver shall include a request for the opportunity to pay for care in hospitals known under federal law as “institutions for mental disease” or “IMD’s.” The waiver proposal shall propose no additional aggregate cost to the state or Federal Government, and shall be conducted in Hillsborough County, Highlands County, Hardee County, Manatee County, and Polk County. The waiver proposal may incorporate competitive bidding for hospital services, comprehensive brokering, prepaid capitated arrangements, or other mechanisms deemed by the department to show promise in reducing the cost of acute care and increasing the effectiveness of preventive care. When developing the waiver proposal, the department shall take into account price, quality, accessibility, linkages of the hospital to community services and family support programs, plans of the hospital to ensure the earliest discharge possible, and the comprehensiveness of the mental health and other health care services offered by participating providers.
(c) The agency shall implement a prospective payment methodology for establishing reimbursement rates for inpatient hospital services. Rates shall be calculated annually and take effect July 1 of each year. The methodology shall categorize each inpatient admission into a diagnosis-related group and assign a relative payment weight to the base rate according to the average relative amount of hospital resources used to treat a patient in a specific diagnosis-related group category. The agency may adopt the most recent relative weights calculated and made available by the Nationwide Inpatient Sample maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or may adopt alternative weights if the agency finds that Florida-specific weights deviate with statistical significance from national weights for high-volume diagnosis-related groups. The agency shall establish a single, uniform base rate for all hospitals unless specifically exempt pursuant to s. 409.908(1).
1. Adjustments may not be made to the rates after October 31 of the state fiscal year in which the rates take effect, except for cases of insufficient collections of intergovernmental transfers authorized under s. 409.908(1) or the General Appropriations Act. In such cases, the agency shall submit a budget amendment or amendments under chapter 216 requesting approval of rate reductions by amounts necessary for the aggregate reduction to equal the dollar amount of intergovernmental transfers not collected and the corresponding federal match. Notwithstanding the $1 million limitation on increases to an approved operating budget contained in ss. 216.181(11) and 216.292(3), a budget amendment exceeding that dollar amount is subject to notice and objection procedures set forth in s. 216.177.
2. Errors in source data or calculations discovered after October 31 must be reconciled in a subsequent rate period. However, the agency may not make any adjustment to a hospital’s reimbursement more than 5 years after a hospital is notified of an audited rate established by the agency. The prohibition against adjustments more than 5 years after notification is remedial and applies to actions by providers involving Medicaid claims for hospital services. Hospital reimbursement is subject to such limits or ceilings as may be established in law or described in the agency’s hospital reimbursement plan. Specific exemptions to the limits or ceilings may be provided in the General Appropriations Act.
(d) The agency shall implement a comprehensive utilization management program for hospital neonatal intensive care stays in certain high-volume participating hospitals, select counties, or statewide, and replace existing hospital inpatient utilization management programs for neonatal intensive care admissions. The program shall be designed to manage appropriate admissions and discharges for children being treated in neonatal intensive care units and must seek medically appropriate discharge to the child’s home or other less costly treatment setting. The agency may competitively bid a contract for the selection of a qualified organization to provide neonatal intensive care utilization management services. The agency may seek federal waivers to implement this initiative.
(e) The agency may develop and implement a program to reduce the number of hospital readmissions among the non-Medicare population eligible in areas 9, 10, and 11.
(6) HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT SERVICES.
(a) The agency shall pay for preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, or palliative care and other services provided to a recipient in the outpatient portion of a hospital licensed under part I of chapter 395, and provided under the direction of a licensed physician or licensed dentist, except that payment for such care and services is limited to $1,500 per state fiscal year per recipient, unless an exception has been made by the agency, and with the exception of a Medicaid recipient under age 21, in which case the only limitation is medical necessity.
(b) The agency shall implement a prospective payment methodology for establishing reimbursement rates for outpatient hospital services. Rates shall be calculated annually and take effect July 1, 2017, and July 1 of each year thereafter. The methodology shall categorize the amount and type of services used in various ambulatory visits which group together procedures and medical visits that share similar characteristics and resource utilization.
1. Adjustments may not be made to the rates after July 31 of the state fiscal year in which the rates take effect.
2. Errors in source data or calculations discovered after July 31 of each state fiscal year must be reconciled in a subsequent rate period. However, the agency may not make any adjustment to a hospital’s reimbursement more than 5 years after a hospital is notified of an audited rate established by the agency. The prohibition against adjustments more than 5 years after notification is remedial and applies to actions by providers involving Medicaid claims for hospital services. Hospital reimbursement is subject to such limits or ceilings as may be established in law or described in the agency’s hospital reimbursement plan. Specific exemptions to the limits or ceilings may be provided in the General Appropriations Act.
(7) INDEPENDENT LABORATORY SERVICES.The agency shall pay for medically necessary diagnostic laboratory procedures ordered by a licensed physician or other licensed practitioner of the healing arts which are provided for a recipient in a laboratory that meets the requirements for Medicare participation and is appropriately certified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services under the federal Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments and the federal rules adopted thereunder.
(8) NURSING FACILITY SERVICES.The agency shall pay for 24-hour-a-day nursing and rehabilitative services for a recipient in a nursing facility licensed under part II of chapter 400 or in a rural hospital, as defined in s. 395.602, or in a Medicare certified skilled nursing facility operated by a hospital, as defined by s. 395.002(10), that is licensed under part I of chapter 395, and in accordance with provisions set forth in s. 409.908(2)(a), which services are ordered by and provided under the direction of a licensed physician. However, if a nursing facility has been destroyed or otherwise made uninhabitable by natural disaster or other emergency and another nursing facility is not available, the agency must pay for similar services temporarily in a hospital licensed under part I of chapter 395 provided federal funding is approved and available. The agency shall pay only for bed-hold days if the facility has an occupancy rate of 95 percent or greater. The agency is authorized to seek any federal waivers to implement this policy.
(9) PHYSICIAN SERVICES.The agency shall pay for covered services and procedures rendered to a recipient by, or under the personal supervision of, a person licensed under state law to practice medicine or osteopathic medicine. These services may be furnished in the physician’s office, the Medicaid recipient’s home, a hospital, a nursing facility, or elsewhere, but shall be medically necessary for the treatment of an injury, illness, or disease within the scope of the practice of medicine or osteopathic medicine as defined by state law. The agency shall not pay for services that are clinically unproven, experimental, or for purely cosmetic purposes.
(10) PORTABLE X-RAY SERVICES.The agency shall pay for professional and technical portable radiological services ordered by a licensed physician or other licensed practitioner of the healing arts which are provided by a licensed professional in a setting other than a hospital, clinic, or office of a physician or practitioner of the healing arts, on behalf of a recipient.
(11) RURAL HEALTH CLINIC SERVICES.The agency shall pay for outpatient primary health care services for a recipient provided by a clinic certified by and participating in the Medicare program which is located in a federally designated, rural, medically underserved area and has on its staff one or more licensed primary care nurse practitioners or physician assistants, and a licensed staff supervising physician or a consulting supervising physician.
(12) TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.The agency shall ensure that appropriate transportation services are available for a Medicaid recipient in need of transport to a qualified Medicaid provider for medically necessary and Medicaid-compensable services, provided a client’s ability to choose a specific transportation provider shall be limited to those options resulting from policies established by the agency to meet the fiscal limitations of the General Appropriations Act. The agency may pay for transportation and other related travel expenses as necessary only if these services are not otherwise available.
History.s. 34, ch. 91-282; s. 32, ch. 93-129; s. 27, ch. 93-211; s. 56, ch. 94-218; s. 3, ch. 94-317; s. 3, ch. 95-393; s. 3, ch. 96-417; s. 64, ch. 97-237; s. 12, ch. 97-263; s. 40, ch. 97-264; s. 35, ch. 98-89; s. 57, ch. 2000-153; ss. 14, 29, ch. 2000-163; s. 22, ch. 2000-171; s. 51, ch. 2000-256; s. 3, ch. 2001-104; s. 1, ch. 2001-223; s. 66, ch. 2001-277; s. 18, ch. 2002-400; s. 8, ch. 2004-270; s. 1, ch. 2005-252; s. 10, ch. 2006-28; s. 80, ch. 2006-197; s. 3, ch. 2006-254; s. 136, ch. 2007-230; s. 5, ch. 2009-55; s. 11, ch. 2009-223; s. 92, ch. 2010-5; s. 5, ch. 2010-156; s. 4, ch. 2011-61; s. 9, ch. 2011-135; s. 5, ch. 2012-33; s. 3, ch. 2013-48; s. 5, ch. 2015-225; ss. 8, 9, ch. 2016-65; s. 75, ch. 2018-24; s. 38, ch. 2018-106; s. 20, ch. 2020-9; s. 38, ch. 2020-156; s. 10, ch. 2021-112; s. 44, ch. 2022-4; s. 1, ch. 2024-175.

F.S. 409.905 on Google Scholar

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Amendments to 409.905


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 409.905

Total Results: 30  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Tallahassee Mem'l Reg'l Med. Ctr. v. Cook, 109 F.3d 693 (11th Cir. 1997).

Cited 27 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 6506, 1997 WL 131320

...facilities, drugs, nursing care, and all supplies and equipment necessary to provide care (Pretrial Stipulation, Doc. 89). There 9 See 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396d(a)(16), 1396d(h); Fla.Admin.Code Ann. r. 59G-4.080 (1994). See generally Fla.Stat. § 409.905(2) (the state "shall pay for early and periodic screening and diagnosis of a recipient under age 21 to ascertain ... mental problems and conditions and provide treatment to correct or ameliorate these problems and conditions...."). 10 See Fla.Stat. § 409.905(1); Fla.Admin.Code Ann....
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Hunter v. Chiles, 944 F. Supp. 914 (S.D. Fla. 1996).

Cited 17 times | Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16703

...Home health care is an optional service. Id. Florida has elected to cover Home Health Care Services and Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Services, both of which include durable medical equipment, as Mandatory Medical Services. Fla.Stat. § 409.905(4), (2) (1996)....
...Thus, Iowa cannot arbitrarily exclude electronic speech devices from coverage under its Medicaid program." Id. Although Florida Medicaid has not elected to provide "physical therapy and related services," it does provide the optional service of home health care. Fla.Stat. 409.905(4) (1996)....
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State v. Harden, 873 So. 2d 352 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004).

Cited 10 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2004 WL 444154

...§ 1320a-7b(b)(3)(B)(2000) protects employer-employee payments for the provision of covered items or services from criminal prosecution. The federal medicaid statutes require participating states to provide transportation to those eligible for dental services. 42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(43)(2000); § 409.905(12), Fla....
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State v. Rubio, 917 So. 2d 383 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005).

Cited 7 times | Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2005 WL 3555898

...§ 1320a-7b(b)(3)(B)(2000) protects employer-employee payments for the provision of covered items or services from criminal prosecution. The federal medicaid statutes require participating states to provide transportation to those eligible for dental services. 42 U.S.C. *390 § 1396a(a)(43)(2000); § 409.905(12), Fla....
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Univ. Hosp. v. AHCA, 697 So. 2d 909 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997).

Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1997 WL 402107

...Accordingly, any determination of whether UH was collaterally estopped by reason of its adoption of inconsistent positions is premature, and such issue cannot be correctly decided until after UH is accorded a section 120.57(1) hearing. REVERSED and REMANDED. BENTON, J., and SMITH, Senior Judge, concur. NOTES [1] See § 409.905(5), Fla....
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Esteban v. Cook, 77 F. Supp. 2d 1256 (S.D. Fla. 1999).

Cited 3 times | Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19622, 1999 WL 1249772

...states to provide motorized or customized wheelchairs to eligible Medicaid recipients. This is so because Florida has voluntarily elected to provide wheelchairs as part of its "home health care," an optional service under the Medicaid Act. Fla.Stat. § 409.905(4) ("[t]he agency shall pay for ......
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Agency for Hlth. Care Admin. v. Sebastian Hosp., 670 So. 2d 1040 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...for Medicaid reimbursement. The form and effect of issuance of a single license in these instances are not appropriate subjects for a writ of mandamus. Accordingly, the orders on appeal are quashed. BARFIELD, ALLEN and DAVIS, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] Section 409.905(5), Florida Statutes (Supp....
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JM v. Florida Agency for Persons With Disabilities, 938 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2006 Fla. App. LEXIS 13199, 2006 WL 2251885

...ole or in part, or if an assistance payment is modified or canceled." § 409.285(1). It appears that the resumption in developmental service J.M. sought is precisely the kind of public assistance section 409.285 was designed to address. For example, section 409.905(15), Florida Statutes (2005), provides that the Agency for Health Care Administration "may pay for health-related care and services provided on a 24-hour-a-day basis by a facility licensed and certified as a Medicaid Intermediate Care...
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Agency for Health Care v. Univ. Hosp., 670 So. 2d 1037 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1996 Fla. App. LEXIS 2228, 1996 WL 100793

...request of a licensee, issue a single license to a licensee for facilities located on separate premises. Such a license shall specifically state the location of the facilities, the services, and the licensed beds available on each separate premises. Section 409.905(5), Florida Statutes (Supp....
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Q.H. c/o Amy Hill v. Sunshine State Health Plan, Inc. (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2020).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

(d). The hearing officer also stated that section 409.905(2), Florida Statutes, limits EPSDT services
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Q.H. c/o Amy Hill v. Sunshine State Health Plan, Inc. (Fla. 4th DCA 2020).

Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal

...to correct or ameliorate defects and physical and mental illnesses and conditions . . . .” The hearing officer stated, however, that “a state may place medical necessity limitations on EPSDT services,” citing 42 C.F.R. §§ 440.230(a), (b), (d). The hearing officer also stated that section 409.905(2), Florida Statutes, limits EPSDT services with a medical necessity standard. Turning to the instant case, the hearing officer concluded that the child had not met AHCA’s prior authorization criteria for hormone treatment becau...
...ion, or amelioration of these problems and conditions, including personal care, private duty nursing, durable medical equipment, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, respiratory therapy, and immunizations. § 409.905(2), Fla....
...ing this child’s growth delay or medical condition as required by the Medicaid program. While the majority asserts that the hearing officer applied the wrong standard for medical necessity, the hearing officer cited the correct EPSDT standard from section 409.905(2), Florida Statutes (2019), and acknowledged that because the child is under the age of 21, “Florida Medicaid would cover the request if it were medically necessary.” As reasoned in the seminal 8Prior to the establishment of the U.S....
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Q.H. c/o Amy Hill v. Sunshine State Health Plan, Inc. (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2020).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

(d). The hearing officer also stated that section 409.905(2), Florida Statutes, limits EPSDT services
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Cook ex rel. Cook v. Agency for Persons with Disabilities Dist.: 02 Gadsden Unit: APD, 967 So. 2d 1002 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2007 Fla. App. LEXIS 16856, 2007 WL 3118625

...ailed to meet its burden of proof that the reduction of hours was warranted. As a minor child receiving Medicaid services, Appellant qualifies for Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Services (EPSDT), a mandatory Medicaid service. § 409.905(2), Fla....
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North Broward Hosp. Dist., Mount Sinai Med. Ctr. of Florida, Inc., & Naples Cmty. Hosp., Inc., on Behalf of Themselves & All Others Similarly Situated v. State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Admin. (Fla. 1st DCA 2024).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...Statutes The relevant statutes are part of Florida’s Social Welfare Act, chapter 409 of the Florida Statutes. In pertinent part, the Act implements obligations imposed on Florida by Title XIX of the federal Social Security Act, including the healthcare obligations at issue here. Portions of sections 409.905 and 409.913, Florida Statutes, are controlling. (A) 2019 Version of Section 409.905(5)(a) In 2019, when we issued Gulf Coast, section 409.905(5)(a) provided in pertinent part as follows: (a) The agency may implement reimbursement and utilization management reforms in order to comply with any limitations or directions in the General Appropriations Act,...
...e request. Authorization procedures must include steps for review of denials. Upon implementing the prior authorization program for hospital inpatient services, the agency shall discontinue its hospital retrospective review program. § 409.905(5)(a), Fla. Stat. (2019) (emphasis added). (B) 2020 Version of Section 409.905(5)(a)4 In 2020, the legislature amended section 409.905(5)(a) to provide in pertinent part as follows: Upon implementing the prior authorization program for hospital inpatient services, the agency shall discontinue its hospital retrospective review program....
...from conducting retrospective reviews under s. 409.913, including, but not limited to, reviews in which an overpayment is suspected due to a mistake or submission of an improper claim or for other reasons that do not rise to the level of fraud or abuse. § 409.905(5)(a)4., Fla....
...d on its own error in determining the existence or duration of the emergency medical condition—the very question we resolved adverse to the Agency in Gulf Coast. NBH sought summary judgment as to liability, arguing that the 2020 amendment to section 409.905(5) is consistent with Gulf Coast and does not abrogate it. NBH advanced three arguments. First, section 409.905(5)(a) still precludes the Agency from conducting general retrospective reviews of previously authorized claims. Second, the legislature did not amend section 409.913 to give the Agency new authority to conduct general retrospective reviews of previously authorized claims, but rather clarified that section 409.905(5)(a) did not limit the Agency’s existing authority under section 409.913....
...In support, the Agency relied on the amendment’s legislative history and the close temporal proximity between issuance of the Gulf Coast opinion and the statutory amendment. In the order on appeal, the trial court agreed with the Agency, concluding that the legislature amended section 409.905(5)(a) to abrogate Gulf Coast....
...existing law”; (2) the close proximity between the decision in Gulf Coast and the legislature’s enactment of the clarifying legislation; and (3) the legislative history, which was “consistent with the plain language of the amended statute and confirm[ed] that Section 409.905(5)(a) shall not operate to bar [the Agency] ‘from conducting retrospectives review under s....
...amendments, it should have been far more direct and clear in doing so. We cannot be left to guess what the legislature intended but did not say. The actual legislative changes do not support the Agency’s statutory-interpretation arguments. In 2019, section 409.905(5) provided in pertinent part as follows: The agency may implement reimbursement and utilization management reforms to comply with any limitations or directions upon the General Appropriations Act . . . Upon implementing the prior authorization program for hospital inpatient services, the agency shall discontinue its hospital retrospective review program. § 409.905(5)(a), Fla....
...spective reviews under s. 409.913, including, but not limited to, reviews in which an overpayment is suspected due to a mistake or submission of an improper claim or for other reasons that do not rise to the level of fraud or abuse. § 409.905(5)(a)1., 4., Fla....
...only under listed circumstances; i.e., claims not previously reviewed (not a pre-authorized claim) where fraudulent acts are suspected, among other reasons. 272 So. 3d at 438–39 (emphasis added). We explained this point as follows: [S]ection 409.905’s prohibition only applies to hospital inpatient services that are subject to prior authorization review, [and] the ALJ’s interpretation leaves intact the Agency’s authority to conduct retrospective reviews for all other...
...nd the Agency’s authority to conduct retrospective reviews of previously authorized claims to review issues that did not rise to the level of fraud or abuse. It did not abrogate Gulf Coast. The amendment incorporated the holding of Gulf Coast into section 409.905....
...v. Tampa Bay Downs, Inc., 948 So. 2d 599, 606 (Fla. 2006). Applying the trial court’s interpretation of the amended statute, the prohibition against the Agency’s conducting general retrospective reviews of previously authorized claims set out in section 409.905(5)(a)—which the legislature implemented in 2002 and chose not to repeal in the 2020 amendment—is improperly rendered meaningless....
...effect to the Legislature’s intent.” Zold v. Zold, 911 So. 2d 1222, 1229–30 (Fla. 2005). In effect, the trial court’s interpretation of the amended statute renders meaningless the intentional limitations on the Agency’s authority to conduct retrospective reviews under sections 409.905(5)(a) and 409.913. The Agency concedes that the statutory limitations regarding its retrospective-audit authority remain, and that the amended statute clarifies that per section 409.913, it may conduct retrospective reviews on non-pre-authorized claims “in which an overpayment is suspected ....
...are incorrect is the scope of the Agency’s authority under section 409.913 and, more specifically, whether previously authorized claims meet the definition of “overpayment.” Gulf Coast held they did not. The Agency asserts that the legislature’s 2020 amendment to section 409.905(5)(a), responds to Gulf Coast, where this Court held that retrospective audits are allowed only “in the context of claims not previously reviewed and where fraudulent acts are suspected ....
...abuse and had nothing to do with recipient neglect, the only remaining authority is where an overpayment is suspected. Gulf Coast, however, already dealt with the authority to conduct audits based on overpayment. The Agency admits that the “Legislature retained the sentence in section 409.905(5)(a) prohibiting retrospective reviews” that Gulf Coast relied upon to conclude that it did not have the authority to conduct general retrospective reviews of prior-authorized claims. On this concession, the trial court’s ruling that the amended statute abrogated this Court’s interpretation of section 409.905(5)(a) cannot be accepted....
...authority, but rather reiterating its limits. § 409.913(1)(e), Fla. Stat. Importantly, this clarification has no bearing on this case, as all of the AAP claims were pre-authorized. The trial court erred in applying an interpretation that is inconsistent. It concluded that section 409.905(5)(a)(4), as amended, bars the Agency from conducting a general retrospective review program for previously authorized claims, but that under section 409.13, the general authority to do so is given back....
...e not enacted into law and that are inconsistent with the plain language of the amended statute. The trial court adopted the Agency’s position, as reflected in both Legislative Analyses, that Gulf Coast relied “‘on an obsolete reference’ in [section 409.905(5)(a)]” limiting retroactive audits that applied to a hospital prepayment review program that no longer exists” and, because of that, the legislature intended to abrogate Gulf Coast....
...legislative history to determine legislative intent.” Bautista v. State, 863 So. 2d 1180, 1185–86 (Fla. 2003) (citing Joshua v. City of Gainesville, 768 So. 2d 432, 435 (Fla. 2000)). To the extent the trial court relied upon legislative history to conclude that section 409.905(5)(a)4. was intended to abrogate Gulf Coast, it is misplaced. Citing this Court’s decision in Gulf Coast, the final bill analysis prepared by House of Representatives staff indicated that “the First District Court of Appeal ruled that s. 409.905(5)(a), F.S., precludes post-payment audits, including the Alien Audit Program audits, to determine the appropriateness of reimbursement, including whether prior authorization was obtained under false pretenses.” Notably, this statement is incorrect. In Gulf Coast, we held that section 409.905(5)(a) only precluded general retrospective audits to determine the appropriateness of reimbursement for pre-authorized hospital inpatient services, and that section 409.913 allowed retrospective audits where prior authorization was obtained under false pretenses. The final bill analysis then noted that “the directive in s. 409.905(5)(a), F.S., to discontinue an inpatient retrospective review program was intended to refer to a specific program conducted in the Division of Medicaid when the Division shifted to a prior authorization review.” The analysis then stated,...
...[the Agency] may conduct reviews to determine fraud, abuse and overpayment in the Medicaid program.” We agree with NBH that referring is the statutory bar precluding the Agency from conducting general retrospective reviews of previously authorized claims, which was added to section 409.905(5)(a) in 2002 and remains in the amended statute....
...28, 2020). 14 this is another misstatement because the “obsolete” language was retained in the final bill. Moreover, this analysis was carried over word-for-word from the staff analyses of prior versions of the bill, which proposed several amendments to section 409.905(5)(a) that did not survive to the final bill. It is even more difficult to give substance to the concluding sentence of the final bill analysis that “MPI [the Agency’s Bureau of Medicaid Program Integrity] would be able [to] continue conducting respective reviews of hospital claims.” We agree with NBH that alternatively, based on the actual language contained in the final bill, the trial court erred in entering summary judgment for the Agency upon concluding that section 409.905(5)(a)4. abrogated Gulf Coast and allowed the Agency to conduct retrospective audits of paid Medicaid claims to recover overpayments for pre-authorized hospital inpatient emergency services to undocumented immigrants. IV. Conclusion The 2020 amendments to section 409.905 did not abrogate Gulf Coast but serve only to clarify exiting law....
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Sarasota Cnty. Pub. Hosp. Dist. v. Florida Agency for Health Care Admin., 230 So. 3d 973 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...did not preclude a challenge on the rates prior to auditing. The Petitioners claimed AHCA’s position could result in a denial of a meaningful point of entry to challenge the rates established. Petitioners maintain that argument here. AHCA filed a Suggestion of Mootness on Nov. 3, 2016, arguing that per section 409.905(6)(b)l., Florida Statutes (2016), the pending petitions were moot....
...* # * Furthermore, even assuming arguen-do Petitioners are entitled to challenge 'the unaudited rates as a substantially affected party under chapter 120,' Florida Statutes, the Agency lacks the jurisdiction and authority to grant Petitioners the relief, they seek, i.e. the adjustment of their rates. Section 409.905(6)(b)l., Florida Statutes, prohibits the , Agency .from making any adjustments to Petitioners’ rates “after October 31 of the state fiscal year in which- the rates- take effect....” For the- rates .at issue, this, date has already passed....
...At the same time, the -statute does not preclude, either explicitly or implicitly, formal administrative challenge to the Medicaid reimbursement rates set by AHCA prior to agency auditing. The statute simply does not speak to pre-audit period. AHCA has argued that section 409.905(6)(b)l, provides that AHCA cannot change its reimbursement rate after October 31 of the fiscal year in which the rates take effect....
...In part, the Final Order states: Even assuming arguendo Petitioners are entitled to challenge the unaudited rates as a substantially affected party under chapter 120, Florida Statutes, the Agency lacks the jurisdiction and authority to grant Petitioners the relief they seek, i.e., the adjustment of their rates. Section 409.905(6)(b)l., Florida Statutes, prohibits the Agency from making any adjustments to Petitioners’ rates ‘after October 31 of the state fiscal year in which the rates take effect ......
...Thus, in the Final Order, AHCA appears to take two incompatible positions with regard to the 2016 legislative scheme: (i) rates can only be challenged after an audit, and (ii) rate challenges can only occur before October 31st. Obviously, such contrary arguments are untenable, and result from a misreading of the statute. Section 409.905(6)(b)l....
...But, it is also true that a reviewing court will not depart from “the contemporaneous construction of a statute by a state agency charged with its enforcement unless the construction is ‘dearly erroneous.’” Id. (quoting PW Ventures, Inc. v. Nichols, 533 So.2d 281, 283 (Fla. 1988)). AHCA’s interpretation of section 409.905(6)(b)l....
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Viera Hosp., Inc. v. Agency For Health Care Admin., 230 So. 3d 973 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

Mootness on Nov. 3, 2016, arguing that per section 409.905(6)(b)1., Florida Statutes (2016), the pending
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K.G. ex rel. Garrido v. Dudek, 839 F. Supp. 2d 1254 (S.D. Fla. 2011).

Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 151075, 2011 WL 6938381

...42 C.F.R. § 440.230 (d) (2011) (allowing the state agency to “place appropriate limits on a service based on such criteria as medical necessity”). Florida law authorizes AHCA to determine which services are “medically necessary.” Fla. Stat. § 409.905 (2) (2011)....
...mental or investigational.” Fla Admin. Code Ann. r. 59G-1.010(166)(a)3 (2011). Therefore, if AHCA determines that a treatment is “experimental,” the treatment is properly excluded from Medicaid coverage in Florida. See id.; see also Fla. Stat. § 409.905 (2); Rush v....
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Agency for Health Care Admin. v. Sebastian Hosp., Inc., 670 So. 2d 1040 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1996).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1996 Fla. App. LEXIS 2233

...gibility for Medicaid reimbursement. The form and effect of issuance of a single license in these instances are not appropriate subjects for a writ of mandamus. Accordingly, the orders on appeal are quashed. BARFIELD, ALLEN and DAVIS, JJ., concur. . Section 409.905(5), Florida Statutes (Supp....
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I.b. ex rel. R.B. v. State, Agency for Health Care Admin., 87 So. 3d 6 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012).

Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 3162, 2012 WL 637911

...Federal and state EPSDT mandates provide “necessary health care, diagnostic services, treatment, and other measures [... ] to correct or ameliorate defects and physical and mental illnesses and conditions discovered by the screening services, whether or not such services are covered under the State plan.” Id. See also § 409.905(2), Fla....
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Lee Mem'l Health Sys. etc. v. State of Florida, Agency For Agency For Health etc., 272 So. 3d 431 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...Gulf Coast argues the Agency was without authority to order reimbursement as it was barred from conducting retrospective audits on claims for emergency in-patient services that were pre-authorized and paid. We agree and reverse. I. FACTS In 2002, exercising authority under section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Agency implemented a mandatory pre- authorization program regarding Medicaid hospital in-patient services, including emergency services provided to undocumented alien recipients....
...1st DCA 2009) (“Judicial deference never requires that courts adopt an agency’s interpretation of a statute or rule when the agency’s interpretation cannot be reconciled with the plain language of the statute. . .”). A. Retrospective Review is Contrary to the Plain Language of Section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes. Section 409.905 was amended to provide the Agency, for the first time, the authority to condition payment for inpatient hospital services upon a pre-payment review, which was referred to as prior authorization....
...ly with any limitations or directions in the General Appropriations Act . . . Upon implementing the prior authorization program for hospital inpatient services, the agency shall discontinue its hospital retrospective review program. § 409.905(5), Fla....
...s referred to its MPI office, which only conducted reviews on claims that appeared to be outliers or had abnormal billing patterns. MPI’s function was to investigate possible Medicaid abuse; MPI did not conduct general retrospective reviews. Section 409.905, clearly advises that for hospital inpatient services, upon implementing the new authorization program, “the agency shall discontinue its hospital retrospective review program.” § 409.905(5)(a), Fla....
...ud or abuse and contrary to the plain reading of the statute. Thus, the ALJ’s conclusion that the Agency’s retrospective audit on claims for emergency in-patient services provided to undocumented aliens was the type of review prohibited by section 409.905(5)(a) is not only supported by a plain reading of the statute, but is also supported by the record evidence of the Agency’s claim review history. The Agency acknowledges that the Project was a review of all inpatient claims for undocumented aliens, but it opines section 409.905(5)(a) is not controlling because the retrospective review was conducted by MPI. Yet, the statute does not distinguish among the Agency’s different offices nor does 4 Of note, the prohibition of section 409.905(5)(a) applies only to claims for in-patient hospital services....
...audit being conducted. Here, the plain reading of the statute makes clear that the Agency is barred from conducting general retrospective reviews of claims, which the Project commanded. 5 We find no ambiguity in the prohibition on retrospective review in section 409.905(5)(a). B....
...expected to simultaneously investigate the provider for possible wrongdoing, such as fraud or misrepresentation. These matters are clearly distinguishable, and such matters may be explored by the Agency retrospectively in connection with adjudicated claims. In that section 409.905’s prohibition only applies to hospital inpatient services that are subject to prior authorization review, the ALJ’s interpretation leaves intact the Agency’s authority to conduct retrospective reviews for all other matters, incl...
... of an emergency medical condition and deny payment for medical services falling outside its determined timeline – a determination not usurping that of DCF under “eligibility” review. This issue need not be addressed as it is rendered moot by section 409.905(5)(a), which clearly forbids retrospective reviews of paid inpatient hospital claims for undocumented aliens....
...CONCLUSION In conclusion, the Agency erroneously relied upon section 409.913 as providing it authority to conduct general retrospective reviews of claims for emergency in-patient services provided to undocumented aliens that had previously been authorized and paid. The plain language of section 409.905(5)(a), as well as the Agency’s claim review history, specifically bars such retrospective reviews....
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Lee Mem'l Health Sys. v. State, 273 So. 3d 161 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...Appellant, Lee Memorial Health System, challenges a final order issued by the Agency for Health Care Administration ("AHCA"), finding it was overpaid with Medicaid funds for services provided to undocumented aliens. As AHCA is barred from conducting a retrospective review of prior authorized claims pursuant to section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Final Order is reversed and no overpayment is owed by Appellant....
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Cape Mem'l Hosp., Inc. v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 273 So. 3d 160 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

review of prior authorized claims pursuant to section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Final Order is
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Lee Mem'l Health Sys. v. State, 273 So. 3d 161 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

review of prior authorized claims pursuant to section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Final Order is
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Cape Mem'l Hosp., Inc. v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 273 So. 3d 160 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

review of prior authorized claims pursuant to section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Final Order is
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Cape Mem'l Hosp., Inc. d/b/a Cape Coral etc. v. State of Florida, Agency for Health Care etc. (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2019).

Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida

review of prior authorized claims pursuant to section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Final Order is
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Lee Mem'l Health Sys. d/b/a Lee Mem'l etc. v. State of Florida, Agency for Health Care etc. (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...order issued by the Agency for Health Care Administration (“AHCA”), finding it was overpaid with Medicaid funds for services provided to undocumented aliens. As AHCA is barred from conducting a retrospective review of prior authorized claims pursuant to section 409.905(5)(a), Florida Statutes, the Final Order is reversed and no overpayment is owed by Appellant....
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Gabrielle Goodwin v. Florida Dep't of Child. etc., 194 So. 3d 1042 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2016 WL 1295045, 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 5171

...cal care expenses. See 42 U.S.C. § 1396a(r)(1)(A); 42 C.F.R. § 435.725(c)(4)(ii) (2012). See also Fla. Admin Code R. 65A-1.7141(1)(g). The program then covers the difference between a beneficiary’s PRA and the facility’s monthly charge. See § 409.905(8), Fla....
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S. Baptist Hosp. of Fla. v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 270 So. 3d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...s, or making any other adjustments necessary to comply with the availability of moneys and any limitations or directions provided for in the General Appropriations Act, provided the adjustment is consistent with legislative intent. (Emphasis added.) Section 409.905, Florida Statutes, also gives the Agency the authority to make any adjustments necessary to comply with the funds allocated and which are consistent with directions set forth in the GAA. Specific to outpatient services, the statute directs, "[t]he agency shall implement a prospective payment methodology for establishing reimbursement rates for outpatient hospital services." § 409.905(6)(b), Fla....
...The language of the implementing statutes and the GAAs is clear and unambiguous. As the Final Order found, the GAAs unambiguously state that the Agency must "implement a recurring methodology in the [Outpatient Plan] ... to achieve the cost savings." Similarly, section 409.905(6)(b) requires the Agency to "implement a methodology" for establishing rates, and section 409.908 requires the Agency to reimburse Medicaid providers "according to methodologies set forth in the rules of the agency and in policy manu...
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S. Baptist Hosp. of Fla. v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 270 So. 3d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...s, or making any other adjustments necessary to comply with the availability of moneys and any limitations or directions provided for in the General Appropriations Act, provided the adjustment is consistent with legislative intent. (Emphasis added.) Section 409.905, Florida Statutes, also gives the Agency the authority to make any adjustments necessary to comply with the funds allocated and which are consistent with directions set forth in the GAA. Specific to outpatient services, the statute directs, "[t]he agency shall implement a prospective payment methodology for establishing reimbursement rates for outpatient hospital services." § 409.905(6)(b), Fla....
...The language of the implementing statutes and the GAAs is clear and unambiguous. As the Final Order found, the GAAs unambiguously state that the Agency must "implement a recurring methodology in the [Outpatient Plan] ... to achieve the cost savings." Similarly, section 409.905(6)(b) requires the Agency to "implement a methodology" for establishing rates, and section 409.908 requires the Agency to reimburse Medicaid providers "according to methodologies set forth in the rules of the agency and in policy manu...
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The Pub. Health Trust of Miami-Dade Cnty., etc. v. Agency for Health Care Admin. (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...ustments necessary to comply with the availability of moneys and any limitations or directions provided for in the General Appropriations Act, provided the adjustment is consistent with legislative intent. (Emphasis added.) Section 409.905, Florida Statutes, also gives the Agency the authority to make any adjustments necessary to comply with the funds allocated and which are consistent with directions set forth in the GAA. Specific to outpatient services, the statute directs, “[t]he agency shall implement a prospective payment methodology for establishing reimbursement rates for outpatient hospital services.” § 409.905(6)(b), Fla....
....”). The language of the implementing statutes and the GAAs is clear and unambiguous. As the Final Order found, the GAAs 34 unambiguously state that the Agency must “implement a recurring methodology in the [Outpatient Plan] . . . to achieve the cost savings.” Similarly, section 409.905(6)(b) requires the Agency to “implement a methodology” for establishing rates, and section 409.908 requires the Agency to reimburse Medicaid providers “according to methodologies set forth in the rules of the agency and in polic...