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Florida Statute 409.901 - Full Text and Legal Analysis
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The 2025 Florida Statutes

Title XXX
SOCIAL WELFARE
Chapter 409
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
View Entire Chapter
409.901 Definitions; ss. 409.901-409.920.As used in ss. 409.901-409.920, except as otherwise specifically provided, the term:
(1) “Affiliate” or “affiliated person” means any person who directly or indirectly manages, controls, or oversees the operation of a corporation or other business entity that is a Medicaid provider, regardless of whether such person is a partner, shareholder, owner, officer, director, agent, or employee of the entity.
(2) “Agency” means the Agency for Health Care Administration. The agency is the Medicaid agency for the state, as provided under federal law.
(3) “Applicant” means an individual whose written application for medical assistance provided by Medicaid under ss. 409.903-409.906 has been submitted to the Department of Children and Families, or to the Social Security Administration if the application is for Supplemental Security Income, but has not received final action. This term includes an individual, who need not be alive at the time of application, whose application is submitted through a representative or a person acting for the individual.
(4) “Benefit” means any benefit, assistance, aid, obligation, promise, debt, liability, or the like, related to any covered injury, illness, or necessary medical care, goods, or services.
(5) “Change of ownership” means:
(a) An event in which the provider ownership changes to a different individual entity as evidenced by a change in federal employer identification number or taxpayer identification number;
(b) An event in which 51 percent or more of the ownership, shares, membership, or controlling interest of a provider is in any manner transferred or otherwise assigned. This paragraph does not apply to a licensee that is publicly traded on a recognized stock exchange; or
(c) When the provider is licensed or registered by the agency, an event considered a change of ownership for licensure as defined in s. 408.803.

A change solely in the management company or board of directors is not a change of ownership.

(6) “Claim” means any communication, whether written or electronic (electronic impulse or magnetic), which is used by any person to apply for payment from the Medicaid program or its fiscal agent for each item or service purported by any person to have been provided by a person to any Medicaid recipient.
(7) “Collateral” means:
(a) Any and all causes of action, suits, claims, counterclaims, and demands that accrue to the recipient or to the recipient’s legal representative, related to any covered injury, illness, or necessary medical care, goods, or services that necessitated that Medicaid provide medical assistance.
(b) All judgments, settlements, and settlement agreements rendered or entered into and related to such causes of action, suits, claims, counterclaims, demands, or judgments.
(c) Proceeds, as defined in this section.
(8) “Convicted” or “conviction” means a finding of guilt, with or without an adjudication of guilt, in any federal or state trial court of record relating to charges brought by indictment or information, as a result of a jury verdict, nonjury trial, or entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, regardless of whether an appeal from judgment is pending.
(9) “Covered injury or illness” means any sickness, injury, disease, disability, deformity, abnormality disease, necessary medical care, pregnancy, or death for which a third party is, may be, could be, should be, or has been liable, and for which Medicaid is, or may be, obligated to provide, or has provided, medical assistance.
(10) “Emergency medical condition” means:
(a) A medical condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity, which may include severe pain or other acute symptoms, such that the absence of immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in any of the following:
1. Serious jeopardy to the health of a patient, including a pregnant woman or a fetus.
2. Serious impairment to bodily functions.
3. Serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part.
(b) With respect to a pregnant woman:
1. That there is inadequate time to effect safe transfer to another hospital prior to delivery.
2. That a transfer may pose a threat to the health and safety of the patient or fetus.
3. That there is evidence of the onset and persistence of uterine contractions or rupture of the membranes.
(11) “Emergency services and care” means medical screening, examination, and evaluation by a physician, or, to the extent permitted by applicable laws, by other appropriate personnel under the supervision of a physician, to determine whether an emergency medical condition exists and, if it does, the care, treatment, or surgery for a covered service by a physician which is necessary to relieve or eliminate the emergency medical condition, within the service capability of a hospital.
(12) “Legal representative” means a guardian, conservator, survivor, or personal representative of a recipient or applicant, or of the property or estate of a recipient or applicant.
(13) “Managed care plan” means a health maintenance organization authorized pursuant to chapter 641 or a prepaid health plan authorized pursuant to s. 409.912.
(14) “Medicaid” means the medical assistance program authorized by Title XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. s. 1396 et seq., and regulations thereunder, as administered in this state by the agency.
(15) “Medicaid agency” or “agency” means the single state agency that administers or supervises the administration of the state Medicaid plan under federal law.
(16) “Medicaid program” means the program authorized under Title XIX of the federal Social Security Act which provides for payments for medical items or services, or both, on behalf of any person who is determined by the Department of Children and Families, or, for Supplemental Security Income, by the Social Security Administration, to be eligible on the date of service for Medicaid assistance.
(17) “Medicaid provider” or “provider” means a person or entity that has a Medicaid provider agreement in effect with the agency and is in good standing with the agency.
(18) “Medicaid provider agreement” or “provider agreement” means a contract between the agency and a provider for the provision of services or goods, or both, to Medicaid recipients pursuant to Medicaid.
(19) “Medicaid recipient” or “recipient” means an individual whom the Department of Children and Families, or, for Supplemental Security Income, by the Social Security Administration, determines is eligible, pursuant to federal and state law, to receive medical assistance and related services for which the agency may make payments under the Medicaid program. For the purposes of determining third-party liability, the term includes an individual formerly determined to be eligible for Medicaid, an individual who has received medical assistance under the Medicaid program, or an individual on whose behalf Medicaid has become obligated.
(20) “Medicaid-related records” means records that relate to the provider’s business or profession and to a Medicaid recipient. Medicaid-related records include records related to non-Medicaid customers, clients, or patients but only to the extent that the documentation is shown by the agency to be necessary to determine a provider’s entitlement to payments under the Medicaid program.
(21) “Medical assistance” means any provision of, payment for, or liability for medical services by Medicaid to, or on behalf of, any recipient.
(22) “Medical services” or “medical care” means medical or medically related institutional or noninstitutional care, goods, or services covered by the Medicaid program. The term includes any services authorized and funded in the General Appropriations Act.
(23) “MediPass” means a primary care case management program operated by the agency.
(24) “Minority physician network” means a network of primary care physicians with experience managing Medicaid or Medicare recipients that is predominantly owned by minorities as defined in s. 288.703, which may have a collaborative partnership with a public college or university and a tax-exempt charitable corporation.
(25) “Payment,” as it relates to third-party benefits, means performance of a duty, promise, or obligation, or discharge of a debt or liability, by the delivery, provision, or transfer of third-party benefits for medical services. To “pay” means to do any of the acts set forth in this subsection.
(26) “Proceeds” means whatever is received upon the sale, exchange, collection, or other disposition of the collateral or proceeds thereon and includes insurance payable by reason of loss or damage to the collateral or proceeds. Money, checks, deposit accounts, and the like are “cash proceeds.” All other proceeds are “noncash proceeds.”
(27) “Third party” means an individual, entity, or program, excluding Medicaid, that is, may be, could be, should be, or has been liable for all or part of the cost of medical services related to any medical assistance covered by Medicaid. A third party includes a third-party administrator; a pharmacy benefits manager; a health insurer; a self-insured plan; a group health plan, as defined in s. 607(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; a service benefit plan; a managed care organization; liability insurance, including self-insurance; no-fault insurance; workers’ compensation laws or plans; or other parties that are, by statute, contract, or agreement, legally responsible for payment of a claim for a health care item or service.
(28) “Third-party benefit” means any benefit that is or may be available at any time through contract, court award, judgment, settlement, agreement, or any arrangement between a third party and any person or entity, including, without limitation, a Medicaid recipient, a provider, another third party, an insurer, or the agency, for any Medicaid-covered injury, illness, goods, or services, including costs of medical services related thereto, for personal injury or for death of the recipient, but specifically excluding policies of life insurance on the recipient, unless available under terms of the policy to pay medical expenses prior to death. The term includes, without limitation, collateral, as defined in this section, health insurance, any benefit under a health maintenance organization, a preferred provider arrangement, a prepaid health clinic, liability insurance, uninsured motorist insurance or personal injury protection coverage, medical benefits under workers’ compensation, and any obligation under law or equity to provide medical support.
History.s. 30, ch. 91-282; s. 1, ch. 95-393; s. 4, ch. 96-199; s. 1, ch. 96-387; s. 1, ch. 96-417; s. 183, ch. 99-8; s. 11, ch. 2000-163; s. 48, ch. 2000-256; s. 7, ch. 2003-405; s. 2, ch. 2004-365; s. 11, ch. 2008-246; s. 58, ch. 2009-223; s. 201, ch. 2014-19; s. 18, ch. 2017-129.

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Amendments to 409.901


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 409.901

Total Results: 15  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Smith v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 24 So. 3d 590 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009).

Cited 12 times | Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 15929, 2009 WL 3398715

...lth Care Administration [2] to assert its lien rights to "third-party benefits," a phrase of art defined by the statute as including the component of any recovery attributable only to medical expenses. § 409.910(1), (5), (6), Fla. Stat. (2007); see § 409.901(4), (27) (defining "Benefit" and "Third-party benefit")....
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State, Agency for Health Care v. Estabrook, 711 So. 2d 161 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998).

Cited 6 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 1998 WL 236325

...A "third party" is broadly defined as "an individual, entity, or program, excluding Medicaid, that is, may be, could be, should be, or has been liable for all or part of the cost of medical services related to any medical assistance covered by Medicaid." § 409.901(19), Fla. Stat. (1991). A "benefit" is any sum of money that is "related to" any covered injury or medical care; only those third-party sums that are "not related in any way to a covered injury or illness" are beyond the Agency's grasp. Id. § 409.901(2); § 409.910(12), Fla....
...eeds, Wausau Insurance Companies, is a "third party." Wausau meets both the federal and state definitions of a "third party," as it "may" indeed be liable for "all or part" of the Medicaid expenditures made in this case. See 42 C.F.R. § 433.136(3); § 409.901(19), Fla....
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Rainey v. Guardianship of MacKey, 773 So. 2d 118 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000).

Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2000 WL 1853919

...NOTES [1] They also requested that the guardians serve Mackey under a lifetime contract of $10,000. The court specifically denied this request, and its ruling in this respect is not being challenged on appeal. [2] Florida participates in the federal Medicaid program. § 409.901 et seq., Fla....
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Thompson v. Dep't of Child. & Fam., 835 So. 2d 357 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003).

Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 5th District Court of Appeal | 2003 WL 160173

...States are not required to participate in the program, but once a state chooses to adopt the program it must establish a plan conforming with the requirements of the federal statute. Id. Florida has elected to participate in the program and has assigned DCF the task of administering the program. § 409.901.920, Fla....
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Bell v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 768 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2000 Fla. App. LEXIS 12369, 2000 WL 1421363

...irements. The Agency for Health Care Administration (“ACHA”) is the state agency governing Florida’s Medicaid program, and is responsible for promulgating rules in compliance with federal requirements. 42 U.S.C. § 1396 ; 42 C.F.R. § 430.10 ; § 409.901 et seq., Fla....
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Roberts v. Albertson's Inc., 119 So. 3d 457 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2012 WL 5232182, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 18518

...Medicaid is to be repaid in full from, and to the extent of, any third-party benefits, regardless of whether a recipient is made whole or other creditors paid. Id. The act gives AHCA at least three mechanisms to recoup expenditures from third parties: (1) an automatic lien “upon the collateral, as defined in s. 409.901” for the full amount of medical assistance provided by Medicaid; (2) automatic subrogation to any rights of a recipient to third-party benefits; and (3) an automatic assignment of the recipient’s rights to any third-party benefits. 409.910(6)(a)-(c), Fla. Stat. (2010) Section 409.901(7)(b), Florida Statutes (2010) defines “collateral” as “[a]ll judgments, settlements and settlement agreements rendered or entered into and related to such causes of action [related to a covered injury necessitating Medicaid payments].” (emphasis added). “Third-party benefits” are defined by section 409.901(28), Florida Statutes (2010), to include “collateral.” Thus, settlements are clearly subject to Medicaid liens in Florida....
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Goheagan v. Perkins, 197 So. 3d 112 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal | 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 11106, 2016 WL 3911483

...causes of action, suits, claims, counterclaims, and demands that accrue to the recipient or to the recipient’s legal representative, related to any covered injury, illness, or necessary medical care, goods, or services” for which Medicaid, paid. § 409.901(7)(a), Fla. Stat. (2014). These benefits also encompass “[a]ll judgments, settlements, and settlement agreements rendered or entered into and related to such causes of action, suits, claims, counterclaims, demands, or judgments.” § 409.901(7)(b)....
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Vestal v. First Recovery Grp., LLC, 292 F. Supp. 3d 1304 (M.D. Fla. 2018).

Cited 1 times | Published | District Court, M.D. Florida

...jury or illness for which a third party is or may be liable ...." Fla. Stat. § 409.910 (6)(c). This lien attaches to the "collateral," which includes various recovery rights against third parties as well as judgments, settlements, and proceeds. Id. § 409.901(7)....
...entitled to reimbursement exceeding the amount initially requested. Both the plain meaning of § 409.910(17)(b) and the legislative history buttress this conclusion. Plaintiff was therefore not required to exhaust administrative appeals pursuant to § 409.901(17)(b)....
...2, ¶¶ 12, 15). In Bonner v. City of Prichard , 661 F.2d 1206 , 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), the Eleventh Circuit adopted as binding precedent all of the decisions of the former Fifth Circuit that were handed down prior to October 1, 1981. Fla. Stat. § 409.901 (7) is comprised of three subsections, each describing property that meet the definition of "collateral." They are: (a) Any and all causes of action, suits, claims, counterclaims, and demands that accrue to the recipient or to the recipien...
...(c) Proceeds, as defined in this section. Id. "Proceeds means whatever is received upon the sale, exchange, collection, or other disposition of the collateral or proceeds thereon and includes insurance payable by reason of loss or damage to the collateral or proceeds." Id. § 409.901(26)....
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MARIA ISABEL GIRALDO & Juan Gonzalo Villa v. Agency For Health Care Admin., 208 So. 3d 244 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016).

Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 18299

...(2014). On March 2, 2015, AHCA asserted a $322,222.27 Medicaid lien against any future settlement of, or recovery from, the action Villa had brought to recover for the injuries he had incurred in the all-terrain vehicle accident. AHCA later updated the Medicaid lien amount to $324,607.25.2 1 See § 409.901(2), Fla....
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Medicaid, Prog. Integrity, Dep't of Health & Rehabilitative Servs. v. Conval-Care, Inc., 636 So. 2d 117 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994).

Cited 1 times | Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1994 Fla. App. LEXIS 3543, 1994 WL 133528

court’s ruling that the legislature, in enacting section 409.901 et seq., Florida Statutes (1991), contemplated
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Padron v. Feaver, 180 F.R.D. 448 (S.D. Fla. 1998).

Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 1998 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8557, 1998 WL 303958

...Plaintiffs also assert that the State of Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA), the state agency responsible for the administration of Title XIX of the Social Security Act, was aware of, and approved of, the aforementioned practice and took no action to halt, or eliminate this practice. Fla.Stat. § 409.901(2), (14)....
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Ammar Al Batha, as Pers. etc. v. State of Florida, Agency for Health Care etc., 263 So. 3d 817 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...We review administrative legal conclusions de novo. Brownsville Manor, LP v. Redding Dev. Partners, LLC, 224 So. 3d 891, 894 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017). Section 409.910(17)(b) states that only a “recipient” may contest AHCA’s Medicaid lien. The term “recipient” is defined in section 409.901(19), Florida Statutes (2016), and includes a person who received medical assistance under the Florida Medicaid program for the purposes of section 409.910....
...The statute defines 3 “recipient” to mean “an individual [who is determined] eligible, pursuant to federal and state law, to receive medical assistance and related services for which the agency may make payments under the Medicaid program.” § 409.901(19), Fla....
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Lee Mem'l Health Sys. etc. v. State of Florida, Agency For Agency For Health etc., 272 So. 3d 431 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019).

Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal

...Bayfront Medical Ctr., Inc., 145 So. 3d 888. 7 reviewers to apply their “education, clinical expertise, and experience to determine if services provided were ‘emergency services or treatment,’” as defined in section 409.901(11) for an “emergency medical condition,” as defined in section 409.901(10). The Agency’s amended guidelines for peer reviewers lead to the inevitable sequel to Bayfront I....
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Est. of Hernandez v. Agency for Health Care Admin., 190 So. 3d 139 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016).

Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2016 Fla. App. LEXIS 2251, 2016 WL 626123

...Hernandez’s medical expenses. These payments resulted in an automatic lien on “collateral” for medical expenses paid on Ms. Hernandez’s behalf. See § 409.910(6)(c), Fla. Stat. “Collateral” includes wrongful death settlements. See §§ 409.910(6)(c) & 409.901(7)(b), Fla....
...Stat. “Collateral” and “third-party benefits” include “[a]ll judgments, settlements and settlement agreements rendered or entered into and related to such causes of action [related to a covered injury necessitating Medicaid payments].” § 409.901(7)(b) & (28), Fla....
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Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 2001).

Published | Florida Attorney General Reports

[nursing home or assisted living] facility." 16 Section 409.901(18), Fla. Stat., defines a "Medicaid recipient"