The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIII
REGULATION OF TRADE, COMMERCE, INVESTMENTS, AND SOLICITATIONS

Chapter 542
COMBINATIONS RESTRICTING TRADE OR COMMERCE

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F.S. 542.15

542.15 Short title.—This act shall be known and may be cited as the “Florida Antitrust Act of 1980.”

History.—s. 1, ch. 80-28.

F.S. 542.15 on Google Scholar

F.S. 542.15 on Casetext

Amendments to 542.15

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 542.15

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 542.15.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

RINALDI, v. UNITED STATES J. L. B. A. J. E. J. Mr. Mr. Dr. Mr. D. Mr. Mr. B., 904 F.3d 257 (3rd Cir. 2018)

. . . See § 542.15. . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b)(2). . . . See 28 C.F.R. 542.14(c)(2) ; 542.15(b)(2). . . . . § 542.15(a); and (4) file another appeal to the General Counsel if the inmate is not satisfied with . . . #1 and thus was required to be filed as a separate grievance. 28 C.F.R. § 542.14(c)(2) ; see id. § 542.15 . . .

V. PINSON, v. WARDEN ALLENWOOD USP, 711 F. App'x 79 (3d Cir. 2018)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . Id § 542.15(a). . . .

D. VEGA, Jr. v. UNITED STATES DBA AKA a WA s s, 881 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2018)

. . . the .assistance of counsel, § 542.16(a), appealed any adverse findings to the Regional Director, § 542.15 . . .

SPURLOCK, v. JONES D. C. S. P. R. P., 709 F. App'x 293 (5th Cir. 2018)

. . . . §§ 542.15(a), 542.18. . . .

BUTTS, v. MARTIN, FNU FNU FNU FNU FNU FNU FNU FNU FNU FNU, 877 F.3d 571 (5th Cir. 2017)

. . . . § 542.15(b)(1), and his BP-11 itself does not mention searches. . . .

LIVINGSTON, v. SHERMAN, 714 F. App'x 106 (3d Cir. 2017)

. . . . §§ 542.14-542.15. . . .

A. JOHNSON, v. WARDEN BIG SANDY USP, 708 F. App'x 745 (3d Cir. 2017)

. . . . § 542.15(a). “Appeal to the General Counsel is the final administrative appeal.” Id. . . .

STAPLES, v. MAYE,, 711 F. App'x 866 (10th Cir. 2017)

. . . . § 542.15(a)). . . . Id. §§ 542.14, 542.15. Prisoners may appeal a DHO’s findings directly to the Regional Director. . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . .

DIPPOLITO, v. UNITED STATES Jr. FBOP FBOP E. Jr. FBOP FBOP FBOP Mr. D. FBOP FCI FCI Mr. Mr. FCI N. J. Mr. G. Mr. H. FCI Mr. Mr. Mr. FCI Ms. FBOP Mr. Mr. FCI Y. Mr. BOP Mr. FCI Mr. A. Jr., 704 F. App'x 199 (3d Cir. 2017)

. . . to the regional director (using Form BP-10), and then to the general counsel (Form BP-11), Id. at § 542.15 . . .

J. TRUBY, v. DENHAM, FCI FCI FCI, 693 F. App'x 777 (10th Cir. 2017)

. . . . §§ 542.15(a), 542.18, Mr. . . .

HARRISON, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS,, 248 F. Supp. 3d 172 (D.D.C. 2017)

. . . . § 542.15(a); id. § 542.18. . . . Id. § 542.15(a); id. § 542.18. . . .

OLDEN, v. ENGLISH, USP, 681 F. App'x 688 (10th Cir. 2017)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Olden’s appeal by January 11, 2016, See 28 C.F.R, § 542.15(a). Mr. . . .

F. ABDULLAH, v. Lt. MILLER Lt. Lt., 673 F. App'x 135 (3d Cir. 2016)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

D. LEFFEBRE, v. UNITED STATES,, 129 Fed. Cl. 48 (Fed. Cl. 2016)

. . . . § 542.15 ("An inmate who is not satisfied ... may submit an Appeal_[T]o the National Inmates Appeals . . .

CHANDLER, v. STOVER, Sr. v., 211 F. Supp. 3d 289 (D.D.C. 2016)

. . . . §§ 542.15, 542.18. . . . Lan-phear Decl. ¶ 5; see 28 C.F.R. § 542.15. . . .

DAVIS, v. WARDEN, FCC COLEMAN- USP I,, 661 F. App'x 561 (11th Cir. 2016)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Id. §§ 542.15(a), 542.14(b). Appeal to the General Counsel is the final administrative appeal. . . . . § 542.15(a). . . . See 28 C.F.R. §§ 542.15(a), 542.14(d)(2). . . . correctly rejected Davis’s Regional Office and Central Office appeals as untimely under 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . .

R. SPENGLER, v. UNITED STATES, 127 Fed. Cl. 597 (Fed. Cl. 2016)

. . . . §§ 542.15(a), 542.18; Pl.’s Resp. App. Ex. B at 24. . . . . § 542.15(a) (Title 28 uses the terms General Counsel and Central Office interchangeably); PL’s Resp . . . “Appeal to the General Counsel is the final administrative appeal.” 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a); Pl.’s Resp . . .

SMITH, v. OLIVER,, 615 F. App'x 905 (10th Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15). . . .

DeBREW, v. ATWOOD,, 792 F.3d 118 (D.C. Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Id. § 542.15(b)(1). . . . Id. § 542.15(a). . . . Id. § 542.15(b)(1). . . . See id. § 542.15(b)(1). . . .

L. MARTIN, Jr. v. YOUNG, L. Jr. v., 607 F. App'x 421 (5th Cir. 2015)

. . . . §§ 542.13, 542.14, 542.15. . . .

SANTIAGO- LUGO, v. WARDEN,, 785 F.3d 467 (11th Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

TRIGG, v. WIGINTON,, 600 F. App'x 295 (5th Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15; 42 U.S.C. § 1997(e)(a). . 28 C.F.R. §§ 542.14(d)(1), 542.15(a), 542.17(c). . . . . See 28 CFR§ 542.15. . . .

RUSH, v. E. SAMUELS, Jr., 82 F. Supp. 3d 470 (D.D.C. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Norris Decl. ¶ 27; see 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b). . . .

PINSON, v. BERKEBILE,, 604 F. App'x 649 (10th Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . take a final appeal to the Director of National Inmate Appeals by filing a BP-11 form. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . . See 28 C.F.R. §§ 542.14&emdash;542.15. . . . See 28 C.F.R. §§ 542.14(a), 542.15(a). . . .

L. BUTLER, v. JOHNSON,, 594 F. App'x 312 (7th Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b)(1). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b)(1). . . .

MAY, v. CASH, D. O. P. A. R. N. O. D., 592 F. App'x 67 (3d Cir. 2015)

. . . . §§ 542.13-542.15. . . . See 28 C.F.R. §§ 542.13, 542.14, 542.15. . . .

CARDONA, v. A. BLEDSOE, A. W. B C O Lt. J. L. BOP Ms. Dr. Mr. Ms. Dr. Dr. Lt., 596 F. App'x 64 (3d Cir. 2015)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

LEE, v. BENUELOS, M. ERPS, EMT P. A. J., 595 F. App'x 743 (10th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Id. §§ 542.14(b), 542.15(b). . . .

A. WEST, v. C. PEOPLES,, 589 F. App'x 923 (11th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . .

TERESHCHUK, v. BUREAU OF PRISONS,, 67 F. Supp. 3d 441 (D.D.C. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

T. ELDRIDGE, v. D. BERKEBILE,, 576 F. App'x 746 (10th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15. . . .

MURCHISON, v. WARDEN LEWISBURG USP Dr. Lt. Lt., 566 F. App'x 147 (3d Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a), addressed the claims raised in his complaint. . . .

ABDULLAH, v. BATES,, 562 F. App'x 526 (7th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a); Kaba, 458 F.3d at 681; McCoy v. Gilbert, 270 F.3d 503, 507 (7th Cir.2001). Affirmed. . . .

MILLBROOK, v. UNITED STATES, 8 F. Supp. 3d 601 (M.D. Pa. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15. . . .

THORNTON, v. C. DANIELS,, 554 F. App'x 762 (10th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . . § 542.15(a). . . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

DALEY, v. LAPPIN, BOP B. A. K. D., 555 F. App'x 161 (3d Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a) (“Appeal to the General Counsel is the final administrative appeal.”), and the record shows . . .

HUFF, II, v. NEAL, 555 F. App'x 289 (5th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . . § 542.15. . . .

WATKINS, v. DONNELLY FTC Mr. J. A., 551 F. App'x 953 (10th Cir. 2014)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

BLANK, v. TABERA,, 544 F. App'x 480 (5th Cir. 2013)

. . . . §§ 542.13 (informal grievance procedure), 542.14 (initial grievance filing), 542.15 (grievance appeals . . .

GUERRERO, v. RECKTENWALD, 542 F. App'x 161 (3d Cir. 2013)

. . . . § 542.15(a) (explaining that the first level of appeal from a DHO decision is to the Regional Office . . .

T. ELDRIDGE, v. D. BERKEBILE,, 526 F. App'x 897 (10th Cir. 2013)

. . . . §§ 542.13-542.15). . . .

LINEBERRY, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS,, 923 F. Supp. 2d 284 (D.D.C. 2013)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . . § 542.15(a). Id., Watts Deck ¶4. . . .

PATEL, v. Ms. MORON Mr. Mr. Dr. Mr. Ms., 897 F. Supp. 2d 389 (E.D.N.C. 2012)

. . . . § 542.15. . . .

SCHWARZ, v. MEINBERG,, 478 F. App'x 394 (9th Cir. 2012)

. . . . § 542.15(a), and has not exhausted his remedies for his toilet conditions claim because he failed to . . .

BARNES, Jr. v. D. ALLRED,, 482 F. App'x 308 (10th Cir. 2012)

. . . . § 542.15(b)(2) (prohibiting inmates from raising issues in an appeal that were not raised in the lower . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . . . . § 542.15(b)(2), Barnes must have raised the issue pertinent to his complaint in his BP-9 request. . . .

J. MITTS, v. ZICKEFOOSE,, 869 F. Supp. 2d 568 (D.N.J. 2012)

. . . . § 542.15(d). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a).” Docket Entry No. 5, at 13. . . . .

WILSON, v. STRADA,, 474 F. App'x 46 (3d Cir. 2012)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Wilson did not pursue appeals with the BOP’s Regional and Central Offices, as required by 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . .

DeBREW, v. ATWOOD,, 847 F. Supp. 2d 95 (D.D.C. 2012)

. . . . §§ 542.14(a), 542.15(a). Watts Decl. ¶ 4. . . .

NICHOLS, v. WARDEN, FCC COLEMAN- LOW,, 458 F. App'x 844 (11th Cir. 2012)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

BROWN, v. D. B. DREW, Dr. Dr. P. A., 452 F. App'x 906 (11th Cir. 2012)

. . . Id. at § 542.15(a). . . . Id. at §§ 542.14(b); 542.15(a). . . .

V. CANTRALL, v. C. CHESTER,, 454 F. App'x 679 (10th Cir. 2012)

. . . . §§ 542.13-14 and 542.15(a); see Garza, 596 F.3d at 1204. . . .

MYD MARINE DISTRIBUTOR, INC. a MYD a MYD a v. INTERNATIONAL PAINT LTD. LLC,, 76 So. 3d 42 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2011)

. . . See § 542.15, Fla. Stat. (2005). . . .

HUDSON, v. PENAFLOR,, 448 F. App'x 623 (7th Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(b)(1). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b)(1). . . . require prisoners appealing a grievance to “state specifically the reason for the appeal,” 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . . that they did not “state specifically” as a reason for their administrative appeals, see 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . .

SHOCKLEY, v. FOX, TC G. Dr. UP UP, 444 F. App'x 36 (5th Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15; 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). . . .

WATKINS, v. HAYNES,, 445 F. App'x 181 (11th Cir. 2011)

. . . .” § 542.15(a). The time limits may be extended upon a showing of a valid reason for the delay. Id. . . . not file his national appeal until June 24, 2009, more than one year after the filing deadline in § 542.15 . . .

MORTON, Jr. v. J. BOLYARD,, 810 F. Supp. 2d 112 (D.D.C. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(a) According to defendants, plaintiff “filed an administrative remedy request, # 566839-F1 . . .

TENNILLE, v. J. QUINTANA, Ex- S. L. D. A., 443 F. App'x 670 (3d Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

J. MALOUF, v. Dr. TURNER,, 814 F. Supp. 2d 454 (D.N.J. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(a). The inmate may then appeal to the BOP’s Central Office. Id. Smith v. . . .

GONZALEZ, v. W. HASTY, Dr. Dr., 651 F.3d 318 (2d Cir. 2011)

. . . Id., §§ 542.15(a), 542.18. . . . Id., § 542.15(a). . . . Id., § 542.15(a). . . .

RISHER, v. LAPPIN, A. FCI E. J. FCI FCI CMS FCI CMS FCI FCI, 639 F.3d 236 (6th Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(b). . . . Notably, although the time frame laid out in § 542.15 references the date the Warden or Regional Director . . .

REYNA, v. H. A. LEDEZMA,, 415 F. App'x 926 (10th Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

SMITH, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS DIRECTOR USP USP USP USP USP USP USP PA USP USP, 406 F. App'x 578 (3d Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15(a). The inmate may then appeal to the BOP’s Central Office. Id. . . .

SMITH, v. DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS B B Z Z Z USP, 412 F. App'x 427 (3d Cir. 2011)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . .

HAMMOND, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, 740 F. Supp. 2d 105 (D.D.C. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15 (providing that an inmate “may submit an Appeal on the appropriate form ... to the appropriate . . .

SHEET METAL WORKERS LOCAL HEALTH WELFARE PLAN, v. GLAXOSMITHKLINE, PLC,, 737 F. Supp. 2d 380 (E.D. Pa. 2010)

. . . . §§ 542.15, et seq., and instead assert a claim only under the consumer protection law, which is codified . . .

STECK, v. C. CHESTER, USP-, 393 F. App'x 558 (10th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a)). . . . regulations require an appeal at the national level in order to fully exhaust claims, see 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . .

KRIST, v. EICHENLAUB,, 386 F. App'x 920 (11th Cir. 2010)

. . . Id. at 542.15(a). An appeal to the general counsel is the final administrative appeal. Id. . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GHAILANI,, 751 F. Supp. 2d 508 (S.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15; and (4) appeal to BoP’s Central Office, see id. % 542.15. . . .

HILL, v. HAYNES A. W., 380 F. App'x 268 (4th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

CERVERIZZO, v. YOST, FCI, 380 F. App'x 115 (3d Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

MILLHOUSE, v. R. ARBASAK, D. J. S. I. S. S. I. S. Mr. V. Mr. K. D., 373 F. App'x 135 (3d Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a); Nyhuis v. Reno, 204 F.3d 65, 77 n. 12 (3d Cir.2000). . . .

KING DRUG COMPANY OF FLORENCE, INC. v. CEPHALON, INC. v. v. v., 702 F. Supp. 2d 514 (E.D. Pa. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15 (West 2010), and the end payor class Plaintiffs did not respond to that portion of the motion . . .

LOPEZ, v. TERRELL,, 697 F. Supp. 2d 549 (S.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . . §§ 542.13, 542.14, 542.15. . . . because Lopez had attached three continuation pages to the appeal form, in violation of 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . . statute authorizing agencies to promulgate regulations governing their own internal affairs. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . .

WHITE, v. B. A. BLEDSLOE, 368 F. App'x 273 (3d Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). . . .

F. MITCHELL, v. DODRILL,, 696 F. Supp. 2d 454 (M.D. Pa. 2010)

. . . Id. at §§ 542.15(a) and 542.18. . . . Id. at § 542.15. . . .

C. DAYBELL, v. DAVIS,, 366 F. App'x 960 (10th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). It is undisputed that Mr. Daybell did not exhaust these administrative remedies. . . .

JONES, v. DAVIS,, 366 F. App'x 942 (10th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). Jones has not sought any administrative remedy from BOP. . . .

WOODRUFF, v. WILEY,, 365 F. App'x 951 (10th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). “Appeal to the General Counsel is the final administrative appeal.” Id. Mr. . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15. Thus, the futility exception does not excuse Mr. . . .

GARZA, v. DAVIS,, 596 F.3d 1198 (10th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). Mr. . . .

M. BRODERICK, v. W. CHAPMAN,, 364 F. App'x 111 (5th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15, and finally to the Office of General Counsel. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15. . . .

QUINTANA- NAVARETTE, v. G. GARCIA,, 361 F. App'x 951 (10th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Id. § 542.15(b)(2). . . .

NUNEZ, v. Dr. DUNCAN, FCI L. Ex- FPC- FCI FPC- FCI FCI Ex- FCI Ex- FCI A. FCI M. DC M. FOIA FOIA,, 591 F.3d 1217 (9th Cir. 2010)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . Section 542.15(a) provides that “[v]alid reasons for delay include those situations described in § 542.14 . . .

R. CLARK, v. UNITED STATES, 360 F. App'x 660 (7th Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

TORRES, v. Ms. ANDERSON,, 674 F. Supp. 2d 394 (E.D.N.Y. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . Id. § 542.15(a). . . .

DAVIS, v. MUKASEY,, 669 F. Supp. 2d 45 (D.D.C. 2009)

. . . . §§ 542.14(a), 542.15(a) (specifying the deadlines applicable to filing the grievance and appeals), . . .

ROSENTHAL, v. J. M. KILLIAN, FCI, 667 F. Supp. 2d 364 (S.D.N.Y. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15; and fourth, by appealing an unfavorable decision at the regional level to the BOP’s General . . .

Dy BUN, v. WILEY,, 351 F. App'x 267 (10th Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .

D. SAMPLES, v. WILEY,, 349 F. App'x 267 (10th Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15. . . .

In WELLBUTRIN XL ANTITRUST LITIGATION, 260 F.R.D. 143 (E.D. Pa. 2009)

. . . . §§ 542.15 et seq. . . .

HUGHES, v. KNIEBLHER, 341 F. App'x 749 (3d Cir. 2009)

. . . See § 542.15. . . .

JOHNSON, v. M. ROWLEY,, 569 F.3d 40 (2d Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . . See 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b)(2) (“An inmate may not raise in an Appeal issues not raised in the lower level . . .

FOURNIER, v. ZICKEFOOSE,, 620 F. Supp. 2d 313 (D. Conn. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15. If such an appeal is taken, the Regional Director has 30 calendar days to respond. . . . See id. § 542.15. The General Counsel then has 40 days to respond. See id. § 542.18. . . .

RODRIGUEZ, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE USA G. T. M. LSCI C., 325 F. App'x 111 (3d Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15 as mandated by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) and interpreted by both the Supreme Court and this Court . . .

H. PIERSON, III, R. v. ORLANDO REGIONAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS, INC. G. J. J. N. J. J. C. W. A. G. T. M. D. P. A. O. IV, 619 F. Supp. 2d 1260 (M.D. Fla. 2009)

. . . . § 1, and the Florida Antitrust Act of 1980, Section 542.15, Florida Statutes, et seq., “by engaging . . .

PETRUCELLI, v. W. HASTY, S. W., 605 F. Supp. 2d 410 (E.D.N.Y. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . inmate must use the appropriate forms, which are obtained from the prison staff. 28 C.F.R. §§ 542.14(c), 542.15 . . . extensions of the time limits when the inmate demonstrates a valid reason for the delay. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15 . . .

M. PINET, v. R. HOLT, U. S. P., 316 F. App'x 169 (3d Cir. 2009)

. . . . §§ 541.19 and 542.15. . . .

BURKEY, v. J. MARBERRY, FCI, 556 F.3d 142 (3d Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.15 prohibits an inmate from raising on appeal an issue that was not raised at the initial and . . .

BURGOS, v. T. S. CRAIG, FCI D., 307 F. App'x 469 (2d Cir. 2008)

. . . . § 542.15(a). Extensions of these time limits are sometimes available. . . . . §§ 542.14(a), 542.15(a). . . .

A. MILTON, v. M. E. RAY, W. U. S. P. III U. S. P. G. A U. S. P. J. U. S. P. M. U. S. P. R. U. S. P., 301 F. App'x 130 (3d Cir. 2008)

. . . . § 542.15. . . . the administrative appellate process, the inmate must “state specifically the reason^] for appeal,” § 542.15 . . . (b)(1), and “an inmate may not raise in an Appeal issues not raised in lower level filings.” § 542.15 . . .

HUFF, II, v. SANDERS, FCC,, 632 F. Supp. 2d 903 (E.D. Ark. 2008)

. . . . § 542.15(a). . . .