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Florida Statute 90.612 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 90.612 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title VII
EVIDENCE
Chapter 90
EVIDENCE CODE
View Entire Chapter
F.S. 90.612
90.612 Mode and order of interrogation and presentation.
(1) The judge shall exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of the interrogation of witnesses and the presentation of evidence, so as to:
(a) Facilitate, through effective interrogation and presentation, the discovery of the truth.
(b) Avoid needless consumption of time.
(c) Protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.
(2) Cross-examination of a witness is limited to the subject matter of the direct examination and matters affecting the credibility of the witness. The court may, in its discretion, permit inquiry into additional matters.
(3) Leading questions should not be used on the direct examination of a witness except as may be necessary to develop the witness’s testimony. Ordinarily, leading questions should be permitted on cross-examination. When a party calls a hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party, interrogation may be by leading questions.

The judge shall take special care to protect a witness under age 14 from questions that are in a form that cannot reasonably be understood by a person of the age and understanding of the witness, and shall take special care to restrict the unnecessary repetition of questions.

History.s. 1, ch. 76-237; s. 1, ch. 77-77; s. 22, ch. 78-361; s. 1, ch. 78-379; s. 1, ch. 95-179; s. 2, ch. 2000-316.

F.S. 90.612 on Google Scholar

F.S. 90.612 on Casetext

Amendments to 90.612


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 90.612
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 90.612.



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

M. W. a v. STATE, 263 So. 3d 214 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . See § 90.612(1), Fla. Stat. (2017). . . .

E. T. v. DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, 261 So. 3d 593 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . . § 90.612(1)(a), (b), Fla. Stat. (2018). . . .

ANDRES, v. STATE, 254 So. 3d 283 (Fla. 2018)

. . . ." § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2017). . . .

STEVENSON, v. STATE, 234 So. 3d 828 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2017)

. . . courtroom which also includes the protection of witnesses under examination”) (emphasis added); see also § 90.612 . . .

I. ABAUNZA, v. STATE, 180 So. 3d 1201 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2015)

. . . ruling on a claim of cumulative evidence is subject to an abuse of discretion standard); see also § ■90.612 . . .

WOODSON, v. GO, M. D. M. D., 166 So. 3d 231 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2015)

. . . We would observe that section 90.612(l)(b), Florida Statutes (2013), expressly requires a trial judge . . .

Z. BROOKS, v. STATE Z. v. L., 175 So. 3d 204 (Fla. 2015)

. . . First, the plain'language of section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes, expressly provides trial courts with . . . discretion to expand cross-examination beyond the subject matters discussed during direct examination. § 90.612 . . . Thus, pursuant to section 90.612(2), the .trial court could have permitted the defense to cross-examine . . .

GOSCIMINSKI, v. STATE, 132 So. 3d 678 (Fla. 2013)

. . . .” § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2009). . . . moving back with Goseiminski and thus it fell within the scope of cross-examination permitted by section 90.612 . . .

K. P. a v. STATE, 90 So. 3d 890 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . .” § 90.612(3), Fla. Stat. (2010). . . .

SNELGROVE, v. STATE, 107 So. 3d 242 (Fla. 2012)

. . . . § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2008); see Boyd v. State, 910 So.2d 167, 185 (Fla.2005). . . .

PEDRO v. BABER,, 83 So. 3d 912 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . .” § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2010). . . .

W. POLAND v. S. ZACCHEO,, 82 So. 3d 133 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . .” § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2008); see also Boyd v. . . .

LINIC, v. STATE, 80 So. 3d 382 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . . § 90.612(2), Fla. . . .

McCRAY, II, v. STATE, 71 So. 3d 848 (Fla. 2011)

. . . .” § 90.612(l)(a)-(b), Fla. Stat. (2008). . . .

FISCHER, v. FISCHER,, 55 So. 3d 725 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2011)

. . . See § 90.612, Fla. Stat. (2010). . . .

STATE v. STONE,, 42 So. 3d 279 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . .” § 90.612(1), Fla. Stat. (2009). . . .

PULCINI, v. STATE, 41 So. 3d 338 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . Section 90.612(1), Florida Statutes, provides that the judge shall exercise reasonable control over the . . .

POLITE, v. STATE, 41 So. 3d 935 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010)

. . . .; see also, § 90.612(2), Fla. . . .

LINDSEY, v. STATE, 14 So. 3d 211 (Fla. 2009)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (2006), provides: Cross-examination of a witness is limited to the . . .

SMITH, v. STATE, 7 So. 3d 473 (Fla. 2009)

. . . .” § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2005). . . .

GARCIA, v. STATE, 974 So. 2d 1154 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2008)

. . . See § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2006); Brown v. . . .

LOVE, v. STATE, 971 So. 2d 280 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2008)

. . . trial judge has the discretion to control the mode, order, and scope of cross examination under section 90.612 . . .

JOHNSON, v. STATE, 969 So. 2d 938 (Fla. 2007)

. . . See § 90.612(l)(b), Fla. . . .

J. R. a v. STATE, 923 So. 2d 1269 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . See also § 90.612(l)(a), Fla. . . .

CHANDLER, v. V. CROSBY, Jr., 454 F. Supp. 2d 1137 (M.D. Fla. 2006)

. . . attempted cross-examination of police detective which was “clearly outside the scope of direct”); § 90.612 . . .

BOYD, v. STATE, 910 So. 2d 167 (Fla. 2005)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (2001), states, “Cross-examination of a witness is limited to the . . .

LION PLUMBING SUPPLY, INC. v. SUAREZ, 844 So. 2d 768 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . Ehrhardt, § 403.1, at 159-60 (2002); see also § 90.612(l)(b), Fla. Stat. (1999). . . .

HARDWICK, Jr. v. CROSBY,, 320 F.3d 1127 (11th Cir. 2003)

. . . Stat. 90.612(2). . . . .

STOTLER, v. STATE, 834 So. 2d 940 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (2001) provides that “[c]ross-examination of a witness is limited . . .

BORROTO, v. STATE, 829 So. 2d 272 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . . § 90.612(1), Fla. Stat. (1999). . . .

In AMENDMENTS TO THE FLORIDA EVIDENCE CODE, 825 So. 2d 339 (Fla. 2002)

. . . Chapter 2000-316, section 2, amends subsection (3) of section 90.612, Florida Statutes (Mode and order . . .

RIMMER, v. STATE FLORIDA,, 825 So. 2d 304 (Fla. 2002)

. . . control the mode and order of the interrogation of witnesses and the presentation of evidence, see § 90.612 . . .

TOBIN v. W. LELAND, L. USAA, 804 So. 2d 390 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . "Section 90.612(l)(b) recognizes the trial judge’s responsibility to reasonably control the interrogation . . . Evidence which has minimal probative value can be excluded under section 90.612(l)(b) when it is a waste . . .

JENKINS, v. D. WESSEL,, 780 So. 2d 1006 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

. . . See § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (2000). . . .

A. WOLOWITZ, v. THOROUGHBRED MOTORS, INC., 765 So. 2d 920 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . See also § 90.612(l)(b), Fla. . . .

GRANT, v. STATE, 764 So. 2d 804 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . Sections 90.612 and 90.615 of the Florida Evidence Code give the judge the reasonable control over the . . .

SLOCUM, v. STATE, 757 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . See § 90.612(1), Fla. Stat. (1999). . . .

WASHINGTON, v. STATE, 758 So. 2d 1148 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . See § 90.612, Fla. Stat. (1999). On the remaining issue, we find no error. AFFIRMED. . . .

YATES, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO., 746 So. 2d 1161 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (1997) provides: Cross-examination of a witness is limited to the . . . This was an “additional” matter, under section 90.612(2), which the court had the discretion to allow . . .

WASHINGTON, v. STATE, 737 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . . § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (1997); Sanders v. State, 707 So.2d 664, 667 (Fla.1998). . . .

SULLIVAN, v. SULLIVAN,, 736 So. 2d 103 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . The trial court has authority under section 90.612, Florida Statutes (1997), to efficiently manage trial . . .

REGISTER, v. STATE, 718 So. 2d 350 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . .” § 90.612(l)(a)-(b), Fla. Stat. (1993); see also Britton v. . . .

DAVILA, v. STATE, 716 So. 2d 855 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . See § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (1996); see also Coco v. State, 62 So.2d 892, 895 (Fla.1953). . . .

C. KETTERSON MRI v. In ESTATE OF BRUNS,, 711 So. 2d 613 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . .” § 90.612(1)(a) & (b), Fla. Stat. (1997). . . .

L. ROBINSON, v. STATE, 707 So. 2d 688 (Fla. 1998)

. . . Alternatively, as Professor Ehrhardt has observed, section 90.612(l)(b) also “recognizes the trial judge . . .

SANDERS, v. STATE, 707 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 1998)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (1995), provides: Cross-examination of a witness is limited to the . . .

CHANDLER, v. STATE, 702 So. 2d 186 (Fla. 1997)

. . . attempted cross-examination of police detective which was “clearly outside the scope of direct”); § 90.612 . . . Chandler as it attempted to cast doubt on his defense and undermine his credibility as a witness. § 90.612 . . .

GREEN, Jr. v. STATE, 688 So. 2d 301 (Fla. 1996)

. . . See § 90.612(2), Fla. Stat. (1993). . . .

GERALDS, v. STATE, 674 So. 2d 96 (Fla. 1996)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (1993), states that “[c]ross-examination of a witness is limited . . . the facts and circumstances connected to the matters testified to during direct examination, section 90.612 . . .

HUNTER, v. STATE, 660 So. 2d 244 (Fla. 1995)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes (1993), states that “[c]ross-examination of a witness is limited . . .

JOSEPH F. MAIMONE SECURITY AND INVESTIGATIONS, INC. v. AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES, INC., 598 So. 2d 272 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . See § 90.612(1), Fla.Stat. (1991). . . .

MORGAN v. STATE OF FLORIDA, 50 Fla. Supp. 2d 60 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1991)

. . . At this point the trial court sent the jury out and announced that under section 90.612, F.S., the court . . .

SHERE, Jr. v. STATE, 579 So. 2d 86 (Fla. 1991)

. . . . §§ 90.608, 90.612, Fla.Stat. (1987). . . . Section 90.612 of the Florida Statutes (1987) provides: 90.612 Mode and order of Interrogation and presentation . . .

SMITH, a a v. GARDY, M. D. Ob, 569 So. 2d 504 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1990)

. . . See § 90.612(2), Fla.Stat. (1987). As to the plaintiffs’ deposition of Dr. . . .

FARINAS, v. STATE, 569 So. 2d 425 (Fla. 1990)

. . . . § 90.612(2), Fla.Stat. (1985). . . .

MORRIS v. GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,, 39 Fla. Supp. 2d 173 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1990)

. . . In addition, under § 90.612 Fla. . . .

KINGERY, v. STATE, 523 So. 2d 1199 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . to give due weight to the broad discretion accorded a trial court in the conduct of a trial, see § 90.612 . . .

KOON, v. STATE, 513 So. 2d 1253 (Fla. 1987)

. . . seeking to impeach the credibility of a defense witness on cross-examination as permitted by section 90.612 . . .

G. MURRELL, v. R. EDWARDS,, 504 So. 2d 35 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . Section 90.612(3)(a), Florida Statutes (1985) provides that a witness may not be asked a leading question . . .

RIVERA, v. STATE, 462 So. 2d 540 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1985)

. . . shall exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of the interrogation of witnesses,” Section 90.612 . . .

DUNCAN, v. STATE, 450 So. 2d 242 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1984)

. . . Section 90.612(2), Florida Statutes, provides that cross-examination of a witness is limited to the subject . . .

ERP, v. CARROLL,, 438 So. 2d 31 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1983)

. . . Section 90.612(3), Florida Statutes (1981), now provides generally for leading questions only on cross-examination . . . hostile witnesses, as an exception provided by rule of court as is explicitly permitted by section 90.612 . . . Fla.Stat. § 90.612(3)(a), (1981). . . .

D. LANDERS, v. H. LANDERS,, 429 So. 2d 27 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1983)

. . . The court cited as authority for this practice sections 90.612(l)(b) and 90.403, Florida Statutes (1978 . . . order, restrict the number of witnesses to avoid merely repetitious or cumulative testimony. §§ 90.403, 90.612 . . .

MENDOZA, v. STATE, 427 So. 2d 212 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1983)

. . . . § 90.612, Fla.Stat. (1981); Ellis v. State, 25 Fla. 702, 6 So. 768 (1889). Clinton v. . . .

E. SMITH, v. STATE, 404 So. 2d 167 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1981)

. . . . § 90.612; Hernandez, supra. . . .