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Florida Statute 542.33 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 542.33 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIII
REGULATION OF TRADE, COMMERCE, INVESTMENTS, AND SOLICITATIONS
Chapter 542
COMBINATIONS RESTRICTING TRADE OR COMMERCE
View Entire Chapter
F.S. 542.33
542.33 Contracts in restraint of trade valid.
(1) Notwithstanding other provisions of this chapter to the contrary, each contract by which any person is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade, or business of any kind, as provided by subsections (2) and (3) hereof, is to that extent valid, and all other contracts in restraint of trade are void.
(2)(a) One who sells the goodwill of a business, or any shareholder of a corporation selling or otherwise disposing of all of her or his shares in said corporation, may agree with the buyer, and one who is employed as an agent, independent contractor, or employee may agree with her or his employer, to refrain from carrying on or engaging in a similar business and from soliciting old customers of such employer within a reasonably limited time and area, so long as the buyer or any person deriving title to the goodwill from her or him, and so long as such employer, continues to carry on a like business therein. Said agreements may, in the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction, be enforced by injunction. However, the court shall not enter an injunction contrary to the public health, safety, or welfare or in any case where the injunction enforces an unreasonable covenant not to compete or where there is no showing of irreparable injury. However, use of specific trade secrets, customer lists, or direct solicitation of existing customers shall be presumed to be an irreparable injury and may be specifically enjoined. In the event the seller of the goodwill of a business, or a shareholder selling or otherwise disposing of all her or his shares in a corporation breaches an agreement to refrain from carrying on or engaging in a similar business, irreparable injury shall be presumed.
(b) The licensee, or any person deriving title from the licensee, of the use of a trademark or service mark, and the business format or system identified by that trademark or service mark, may agree with the licensor to refrain from carrying on or engaging in a similar business and from soliciting old customers of such licensor within a reasonably limited time and area, so long as the licensor, or any person deriving title from the licensor, continues to carry on a like business therein. Said agreements may, in the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction, be enforced by injunction.
(3) Partners may, upon or in anticipation of a dissolution of the partnership, agree that all or some of them will not carry on a similar business within a reasonably limited time and area.
(4) This section does not apply to any litigation which may be pending, or to any cause of action which may have accrued, prior to May 27, 1953.
History.ss. 1, 2, 3, 4, ch. 28048, 1953; s. 1, ch. 79-43; s. 2, ch. 80-28; s. 1, ch. 87-40; s. 1, ch. 88-400; s. 1, ch. 90-216; s. 2, ch. 96-257; s. 756, ch. 97-103.
Note.Former s. 542.12.

F.S. 542.33 on Google Scholar

F.S. 542.33 on Casetext

Amendments to 542.33


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 542.33
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 542.33.



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

COLLIER HMA PHYSICIAN MANAGEMENT, LLC, d b a a v. MENICHELLO, M. D., 223 So. 3d 334 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2017)

. . . We understand that in Corporate Express the court considered section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1985), . . . Section 542.335, Florida Statutes (Supp. 1996), replaced section 542.33 effective July 1, 1996. . . .

AVALON LEGAL INFORMATION SERVICES, INC. v. F. KEATING,, 110 So. 3d 75 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013)

. . . Pettineo, 987 So.2d 763, 766 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008); see also § 542.33(2)(a), Fla. Stat. (2008). . . .

DePUY ORTHOPAEDICS, INC. a v. WAXMAN,, 95 So. 3d 928 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012)

. . . In the second case, Corporate Express, the Florida Supreme Court analyzed and applied section 542.33 . . . provision applies to non-compete agreements entered into before July 1, 1996, at which time section 542.33 . . . Section 542.331, Florida Statutes (2002), specifically provides that the repeal of section 542.33 does . . . (Fla. 2d DCA 2003), the Second District also analyzed and applied the predecessor statute, section 542.33 . . . and Joint Venture are governed by section 542.335, Florida Statutes (2002), which replaced section 542.33 . . .

PROTHERAPY ASSOCIATES, LLC, v. AFS OF BASTIAN, INC. d b a, 782 F. Supp. 2d 206 (W.D. Va. 2011)

. . . However, Miller involved application of Florida Statutes § 542.12, later renumbered § 542.33, which is . . .

BAUER, d b a v. DILIB, INC. a d b a, 16 So. 3d 318 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . held that the power to enjoin third parties derives from section 542.335 or its predecessor, section 542.33 . . . In 1996, the Legislature significantly rewrote section 542.33 as new section 542.335. . . . Section 542.33 continued to govern restrictive covenants entered before July 1, 1996, while section 542.335 . . .

PROUDFOOT CONSULTING COMPANY, a v. GORDON,, 576 F.3d 1223 (11th Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 542.33(2)(a), which does not apply to the Agreement, Fla. Stat. § 542.331. Fla. . . . Stat. § 542.33(2)(a) stated that certain restrictive covenants "may, in the discretion of a court of . . .

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. v. CARTER,, 9 So. 3d 1258 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . By contrast, the previous version provided that, except to the extent authorized in section 542.33(2) . . . See § 542.33(1), Fla. Stat. (1995). . . . appellate court reversed the temporary injunction, explaining the then-applicable statute, section 542.33 . . . Unlike our present case, Kep-hart: (1) involved application of the earlier statute (section 542.33) governing . . .

W. MILLER, v. PREEFER, L., 1 So. 3d 1278 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2009)

. . . adverse parties in the 1992 litigation never shared any of the relationships identified in section 542.33 . . . legislature set forth exceptions to this general bar, in certain specified circumstances, in section 542.33 . . . there is no question that the parties do not satisfy any of the relationship requirements of section 542.33 . . . Section 542.33 applies to the instant case and appeal. . . . The 1993 version of section 542.33 provided, in pertinent part, as follows: (1) Notwithstanding other . . .

USI INSURANCE SERVICES OF FLORIDA INC. v. PETTINEO, a, 987 So. 2d 763 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2008)

. . . The error in this case stems from the application of section 542.33, the predecessor version of section . . . Relying on case law applying the superseded section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1995), the trial court . . .

LEESBURG COMMUNITY CANCER CENTER, v. LEESBURG REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC., 972 So. 2d 203 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . that the exclusivity clause constituted an unlawful restraint of trade, unenforceable under section 542.33 . . .

BROWN BROWN, INC. v. ALI,, 494 F. Supp. 2d 943 (N.D. Ill. 2007)

. . . Florida law permits such restrictions on competition with former customers of employers: “Subsection 542.33 . . .

L. ALVAREZ, M. D. v. M. RENDON, M. D., 953 So. 2d 702 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . Under section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (2005): One who sells the goodwill of a business, or any . . .

WHITBY a k a LLC, LLC, v. INFINITY RADIO INC., 951 So. 2d 890 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007)

. . . Appellants argue that the trial court erred in applying section 542.335, and not its predecessor, section 542.33 . . .

In WORLDCOM, INC., 343 B.R. 486 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2006)

. . . Stat. 542.33 (2005) (Stating that a contract in restraint of trade “may, in the discretion of a court . . .

O. HENAO, v. PROFESSIONAL SHOE REPAIR, INC. A., 929 So. 2d 723 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . Forbes, 483 So.2d 483 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986), holds that under section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1983), a . . . The court then noted that section 542.33 provides for recognition of a limited class of covenants not . . . Section 542.33, however, was repealed with respect to restrictive covenants entered into or having an . . . In contrast to section 542.33(1), which provides that, except to the extent authorized in subsections . . . As noted above, unlike section 542.33, section 542.335(1) is expansive in scope. . . .

LEIGHTON, a v. FIRST UNIVERSAL LENDING, LLC, a, 925 So. 2d 462 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . We acknowledge the trial court applied a statute, section 542.33, Florida Statutes, which had been repealed . . .

J. COLUCCI, v. EAR RARE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC., 918 So. 2d 431 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . Section 542.33 permits an owner selling his business to be bound by an agreement precluding his competition . . . See § 542.33, Fla. Stat. (2005). . . .

GRAY, a v. PRIME MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC., 912 So. 2d 711 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . Restrictive covenants with an effective date before July 1, 1996 are governed by section 542.33, Florida . . .

COOPER, v. THOMAS CRAIG COMPANY, LLP,, 906 So. 2d 378 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2005)

. . . We note, however, that the parties assumed that the 1990 version of section 542.33, Florida Statutes, . . . The legislature amended section 542.33(2)(a), effective June 28, 1990. . . . parties’ noncompetition agreement predates the statutory amendment, the pre-1990 version of section 542.33 . . . instances involving use of trade secrets, customer lists, or direct solicitation of existing customers. § 542.33 . . . Although the 1990 amendment to section 542.33(2)(a) did not apply to Mr. . . .

MARX, D. III, v. CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING, INC. d b a WJNO, 887 So. 2d 405 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004)

. . . . § 542.33(2)(a) (“one who is employed ... may agree with ... his employer to refrain from carrying on . . . non-competition agreement and then only so long as that employer stays in the same business in the same area. § 542.33 . . . At the same time, it repealed the old section 542.33 as to non-competition agreements made after July . . . 1, 1996, but provided that old section 542.33 would continue to govern agreements, like the present . . . nature of the public policy regarding non-competition provisions in employment agreements under section 542.33 . . .

DIBATTISTO, v. PSS WORLD MEDICAL, INC. v. PSS, 110 F. App'x 837 (9th Cir. 2004)

. . . . § 542.33(2)(a), provides, at a minimum, one of the bases for the conclusion of the possibility of irreparable . . .

SCARBROUGH, v. LIBERTY NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., 872 So. 2d 283 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004)

. . . restraining persons from exercising their lawful professions are void unless expressly authorized by section 542.33 . . . Section 542.33(2)(a) provides, in pertinent part: [0]ne who is employed as an agent, independent contractor . . .

E. WOLF, D. V. M. v. JAMES G. BARRIE, P. A., 858 So. 2d 1083 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . This noncompete agreement is governed by section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1991). . . . Central Garage, Inc., 579 So.2d 127, 131 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), A plain reading of section 542.33(2)(a) . . . Section 542.33(2)(a) requires that the employer must be engaged in the business that the covenant seeks . . . on how a “temporary cessation of business” might affect a restrictive covenant governed by section 542.33 . . . The statute at issue in this case is the 1991 version of section 542.33(2)(a). . . .

KFORCE, INC. f k a a v. MICKENBERG, f k a B., 846 So. 2d 1190 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . Under section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1995), “solicitation of existing customers shall be presumed . . .

PASSALACQUA, E- a v. NAVIANT, INC. a f k a E-, 844 So. 2d 792 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)

. . . More particularly, the predecessor statute, section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1989). . . .

CORPORATE EXPRESS OFFICE PRODUCTS, INC. v. PHILLIPS,, 847 So. 2d 406 (Fla. 2003)

. . . provision applies to non-compete agreements entered into before July 1, 1996, at which time section 542.33 . . . Section 542.331, Florida Statutes (2002), specifically provides that the repeal of section 542.33 does . . . Section 542.33 contains no mention of assignments. See Pino v. Spanish Broad. . . . Sys. of Fla., Inc., 564 So.2d 186, 188-89 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990) (legislature in enacting section 542.33 . . . Section 542.33 remains applicable as to all agreements entered prior thereto. . . .

AMERICA II ELECTRONICS, INC. v. SMITH,, 830 So. 2d 906 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)

. . . It was decided under the 1991 version of section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1991), which provided . . . As to those agreements, section 542.33 was repealed and a new statute, section 542.335, controlled. . . .

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER SMITH, INC. v. D. DUNN,, 191 F. Supp. 2d 1346 (M.D. Fla. 2002)

. . . Under Florida Statute §§ 542.33(2)(a), Plaintiff is presumed to suffer irreparable harm by Defendants . . .

SNELLING AND SNELLING, INC. a a v. J. REYNOLDS, MTX, 140 F. Supp. 2d 1314 (M.D. Fla. 2001)

. . . According to the Section 542.33, Florida Statutes, two parties may lawfully enter into a non-compete . . . Stat. 542.33(1)(b) (2000). . . . Stat. 542.33(2)(a) (2000). . . .

TRI- COUNTY SWEEPING SERVICES, INC. a v. LAWSON,, 757 So. 2d 1290 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)

. . . The trial court found that the covenant was “void as a matter of law pursuant to § 542.33[,]Contracts . . . Effective July 1, 1996, section 542.33 was repealed. . . . . § 542.33 Fla. Stat. (1999). . § 542.335, Fla. Stat. (1999). . . .

R. LOTENFOE, M. D. v. C. PAHK, M. D., 747 So. 2d 422 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . Section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1995), controls enforcement of this non-competition clause because . . . (Supp.1996) (section 542.33 governs enforcement of contracts entered into before July 1996). . . . Section 542.33 states that direct solicitation of customers “shall be presumed to be an irreparable injury . . . Johnson, however, interpreted section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1987). As we explained in Hapney v. . . . Village Key & Saw Shop, 656 So.2d 475 (Fla.1995), this version of section 542.33 con-lained a presumption . . .

GLOBE DATA SYSTEMS d b a Co. v. JOHNSON,, 745 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . That agreement, however, and its review under section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1991), governs the outcome . . . Subsection 542.33(1) prohibits all contracts in restraint of trade unless they fall under subsection . . . Under this version of section 542.33, irreparable injury is not normally presumed upon proof of breach . . .

SEARS TERMITE AND PEST CONTROL, INC. v. ARNOLD, d b a, 745 So. 2d 485 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . See § 542.33(2)(a), Fla. . . .

J. K. R. INC. K. v. TRIPLE CHECK TAX SERVICE, INC. a, 736 So. 2d 43 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . Hair Returns, Inc., 685 So.2d 959 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996) (under section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1995), . . .

DIAZ, v. JOHN ADCOCK INSURANCE AGENCY, INC. a, 729 So. 2d 465 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1999)

. . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993), expressly provided that injunctions to enforce such agreements . . .

JOHNSON ENTERPRISES OF JACKSONVILLE, INC. a v. FPL GROUP, INC. a FPL a a, 162 F.3d 1290 (11th Cir. 1998)

. . . Stat. ch. 542.33 (1997); see also Fla. . . . Stat. ch. 542.331 (1997) (repealing chapter 542.33 but stating that it continues to govern contracts . . .

CHS FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. a d b a H. H. v. SMALL BUSINESS CONSULTANTS, INC. a, 722 So. 2d 245 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . agreement, SBC sought a preliminary injunction to enforce the terms of the agreement pursuant to section 542.33 . . .

HEALTH CARE FINANCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC. v. LEVY,, 715 So. 2d 341 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . Before the 1990 amendment, section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1989) provided in pertinent part: . . . Florida, amended section 542.33(2)(a) by adding the following two sentences: However, the court shall . . . existing customers shall be presumed to be an irreparable injury and may be specifically enjoined. § 542.33 . . .

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL SERVICES, INC. a R. v. EVENT TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. a, 715 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998)

. . . appellee predicated its request for temporary injunc-tive relief on an inapplicable statute, section 542.33 . . . If anything, by relying on section 542.33 appellee arguably held itself to a higher standard than the . . .

K. KING, M. D. P. A. v. G. JESSUP, M. D., 698 So. 2d 339 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . Section 542.33 establishes the legal principles applicable to covenants not to compete. . . . the legislature severely weakened covenants in favor of the breaching competitor by amending section 542.33 . . . to read as follows: 542.33 Contracts in restraint of trade valid.— * if! . . . King failed to establish an irreparable injury required by section 542.33. Dr. . . . Section 542.33 has since been repealed with respect to restrictive covenants entered into or having an . . .

THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK v. THE DIME SAVINGS BANK OF NEW YORK, F. S. B. A., 961 F. Supp. 275 (M.D. Fla. 1997)

. . . . § 542.33(2)(a) provides for a presumptive finding of irreparable harm for breaches of non-compete promises . . .

J. BRADLEY, III, v. HEALTH COALITION, INC., 687 So. 2d 329 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . The statute applicable here is section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1991). . . . As amended in 1990, section 542.33 has placed restrictions on the availability of in-junctive relief . . . existing customers shall be presumed to be an irreparable injury and may be specifically enjoined.” § 542.33 . . . Prooslin, 482 So.2d at 489-90 (temporary injunction must not disserve the public interest); § 542.33, . . . Under section 542.33, Health Coalition is not entitled to an injunction unless it proves the element . . .

KEPHART, v. HAIR RETURNS, INC., 685 So. 2d 959 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1996)

. . . Section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1995), provides in pertinent part as follows: (1) Notwithstanding other . . .

W. DYER, v. PIONEER CONCEPTS, INC., 667 So. 2d 961 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1996)

. . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993), provides that an employee may agree with his or her employer . . .

In PRINTRONICS, INC., 189 B.R. 995 (Bankr. N.D. Fla. 1995)

. . . Florida Statutes § 542.33(2)(b). . . . Furthermore, Florida courts have not determined that § 542.33 is an “exclusive list of non-competition . . . Fla.Stat.Ann. § 542.33(2)(b) (West 1995). . . .

J. THOMAS Co- v. ALLOY FASTENERS, INC., 664 So. 2d 59 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995)

. . . evidence established that the employee had entered into a covenant not to compete governed by paragraph 542.33 . . .

HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT CONSULTING, INC. a v. J. McCOMBES,, 661 So. 2d 1223 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995)

. . . basis that HCMC had no legitimate business interests to be protected within the meaning of section 542.33 . . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1989), provides in pertinent part: [O]ne who is employed as an . . . Chapter 90-216, Section 1, Laws of Florida, amended section 542.33(2)(a) on June 28, 1990, by adding . . . existing customers shall be presumed to be an irreparable injury and may be specifically enjoined. § 542.33 . . .

GUPTON, v. VILLAGE KEY SAW SHOP, INC., 656 So. 2d 475 (Fla. 1995)

. . . case to the trial court for entry of an injunction that complies with the pre-1990 version of section 542.33 . . . The judge based the injunction on a 1990 amendment to section 542.33(2)(a), even though the parties had . . . Gupton presents two issues for our review: First, whether the 1990 amendments to section 542.33 should . . . The legislature amended section 542.33(2)(a) in 1990 to require evidence of irreparable injury and to . . . The court found that the pre-1990 version of section 542.33 did not require a showing of irreparable . . .

R. SABINA a v. DAHLIA CORPORATION, a, 650 So. 2d 96 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995)

. . . discussion that the list prepared by Sabina from memory qualifies as a customer list under section 542.33 . . .

VILLAGE KEY AND SAW SHOP, INC. v. GUPTON,, 656 So. 2d 164 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . against Joseph Gupton [“Gupton”], relying on the limitations imposed under the 1990 amendments to section 542.33 . . . court’s dismissal of the second action might not have been correct under the revised version of section 542.33 . . . non-compete clauses) because we previously held that this case is governed by the pre-1990 version of section 542.33 . . .

COULTER CORPORATION, v. LEINERT,, 869 F. Supp. 732 (E.D. Mo. 1994)

. . . . § 542.33. . . .

M. KUPSCZNK, v. BLASTERS, INC., 647 So. 2d 888 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . See § 542.33, Fla.Stat. (1991); Hapney; Sarasota Beverage Co. v. . . .

STATE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, v. M. LOPEZ, a, 642 So. 2d 1127 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . The issue on appeal is controlled by section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes, as amended in chapter 90 . . . of irreparable injury does not attach to an allegation of employment with a competitor under section 542.33 . . . Section 542.33(2)(a) provides: (2)(a) One ... who is employed as an agent, independent contractor, or . . .

SERVPRO INDUSTRIES, INC. v. D. SPOHN, 638 So. 2d 1001 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . One exception, applicable to the present case, is found in section 542.33(2)(b), which allows a licensor . . . or any person deriving title from the licensor, continues to carry on a like business therein.... § 542.33 . . . non-competition clause between a corporation and an independent contractor not permissible under section 542.33 . . . Section 542.33(1), Florida Statutes, provides that “[Ejvery contract by which anyone is restrained from . . . goodwill from him, and so long as such employer continues to carry on a like business therein.... § 542.33 . . .

VILLAGE KEY SAW SHOP, INC. v. GUPTON,, 639 So. 2d 102 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . court erred by only partially enforcing the noncom-pete clause and contends that, pursuant to section 542.33 . . . noted by either party, because the contract was entered into in 1989, the 1990 amendment to section 542.33 . . . Chapter 90-216, section 1, Laws of Florida, amended section 542.33(2)(a), effective June 28, 1990 by . . .

SPENCER PEST CONTROL COMPANY OF FLORIDA, INC. v. E. SMITH,, 637 So. 2d 292 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . profession, trade or business void unless such restraint is expressly permitted by section 542.33(2) . . . or section 542.33(3). . . . Section 542.33(3) is inapplicable because it relates only to partners. . . . Section 542.33(2) permits an employee to contract “to refrain from carrying on or engaging in a similar . . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993). . . . based upon the court’s finding that there had been no showing of irreparable injury pursuant to section 542.33 . . .

LOVELL FARMS, INC. a v. LEVY,, 641 So. 2d 103 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1994)

. . . For many years, courts narrowly construed section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1989), governing non-compete . . . In 1990, the Legislature amended section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (Supp.1990), with the intent . . . The relevant portion of section 542.33(2)(a) now provides: [O]ne who is employed as an agent, independent . . . Central Garage, Inc., 579 So.2d 127, 134 (Fla. 2d DCA), review denied, 591 So.2d 180 (Fla.1991); § 542.33 . . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Fla.Stat. (Supp.1990). . . . Under section 542.33(1), (2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993), the use of trade secrets creates a presumption . . .

PHP HEALTHCARE CORPORATION, v. EMSA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,, 14 F.3d 941 (4th Cir. 1993)

. . . . § 542.33 (Supp.1991) which, in relevant part, provides: one who is employed as an ... employee may . . . We therefore conclude that under the express terms of Fla.Stat.Ann. § 542.33 (Supp. 1991), the ongoing . . .

JEWETT ORTHOPAEDIC CLINIC, P. A. v. M. WHITE, M. D., 629 So. 2d 922 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993)

. . . enforcement of the agreement would be contrary to the public health, safety and welfare under section 542.33 . . . The question is controlled by the provisions of the current version of section 542.33, Florida Statutes . . . The Second District Court of Appeal found this requirement to be implied in section 542.33. . . . the same factors the legislature selected in creating a presumption of irreparable harm in section 542.33 . . . this court previously observed in Chandra, when the legislature made substantial changes to section 542.33 . . .

ROYAL FLORAL DISTRIBUTORS, INC. v. KARUKIN,, 625 So. 2d 1307 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993)

. . . Indus., 603 So.2d 516 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992); § 542.33, Fla.Stat. (1991). . . .

COASTAL COMPUTER CORPORATION, v. TEAM MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INC., 624 So. 2d 352 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993)

. . . Section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1991), empowers a court to enforce a noncompetition agreement by injunction . . .

ICE COLD AUTO AIR OF CLEARWATER, INC. a d b a a d b a a d b a a d b a CASC, a d b a d b a a d b a a d b a v. COLD AIR ACCESSORIES, INC. a d b a A. a d b a C L a d b a d b a, 828 F. Supp. 925 (M.D. Fla. 1993)

. . . Florida Statutes § 495.151 Count VI: violation of a non-compete agreement under Florida Statutes § 542.33 . . .

CHANDRA, M. D. v. GADODIA, M. D., 610 So. 2d 15 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . on the law as it existed prior to June 28, 1990, the effective date of the 1990 amendment to section 542.33 . . . Chapter 90-216, Section 1, Laws of Florida, amended section 542.33(2)(a) on June 28, 1990, by adding . . . The Hapney majority seems to have determined that the amendment was remedial by finding that section 542.33 . . . Prior to the 1990 amendment of section 542.33, a complaint alleging the existence of a contract, an intentional . . .

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER SMITH, INC. v. HAGERTY,, 808 F. Supp. 1555 (S.D. Fla. 1992)

. . . In Hapney, the court held that under § 542.12 Fla.Stat., now § 542.33, an enforceable non-competition . . . Section 542.33 of the Florida Statutes provides that the “use of specific trade secrets, customer lists . . . See, e.g., Fla.Stat. §§ 542.33, 608.001, 812.081. . . .

APPLEWHITE v. SHEEN FINANCIAL RESOURCES, INC. a a, 608 So. 2d 80 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . appellants for breach of the non-competition clauses, seeking injunctive relief pursuant to section 542.33 . . .

SUN ELASTIC CORPORATION, v. O. B. INDUSTRIES,, 603 So. 2d 516 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . I am unable to agree with the majority’s suggestion that section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1991), creates . . . though submission of a bid could be characterized as “direct solicitation of existing customers.” § 542.33 . . . It is no accident that section 542.33 is codified in chapter 542, which regulates combinations restricting . . . The recent amendments to section 542.33 have reduced the number of protectable interests, and forbid . . . enforcement of a noncompete agreement “where there is no showing of irreparable injury.” § 542.33(2)( . . . Even under the 1990 amendment to section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1989), which was evidently intended . . . The present version of the statute is as follows: 542.33 Contracts in restraint of trade valid.— (1) . . . [e.s~1 §~ 542.33(1), (2)(a), Fla.Stat. (1991). . B. . . . In the present area of noncompete agreements, which are validated by Section 542.33, Florida Statutes . . . Its attempt to do so may well have rendered a valid contract, see § 542.33(1), Fla.Stat. (1991), completely . . .

MIAMI ELECTRONICS CENTER, INC. a v. SAPORTA d b a, 597 So. 2d 903 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . not entitled to an injunction because it failed to prove irreparable injury as required by Section 542.33 . . .

MEDX, INC. v. T. RANGER, 788 F. Supp. 288 (E.D. La. 1992)

. . . . § 542.33: “(1) trade secrets and confidential business lists, records, and information, (2) customer . . .

In PORT- A- PIT, INC. a k a A- B- PORT- A- PIT, INC. a k a A- B- v. GERHART,, 138 B.R. 624 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 1992)

. . . . § 542.33(2)(a) (1987); Sarasota Beverage Co. v. . . .

AGS COMPUTER SERVICES, INC. d b a AGS a v. RODRIGUEZ,, 592 So. 2d 801 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . Pursuant to section 542.33, Florida Statutes (Supp.1990), irreparable injury is no longer presumed upon . . .

MEDX INC. OF FLORIDA v. T. RANGER, 780 F. Supp. 398 (E.D. La. 1991)

. . . VALIDITY OF THE NONCOMPETE COVENANT UNDER FLORIDA LAW Florida Statute 542.33(2)(a) (1990) provides in . . . Fla.Stat. 542.33(2)(a) (1990). . . .

J. HORN, v. HAVERFIELD CORPORATION,, 585 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1991)

. . . We need not determine whether the amendment to § 542.33(2)(a) should be applied in the enforcement of . . .

UNITED MARINE, INC. v. RAILL,, 584 So. 2d 1137 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1991)

. . . See also § 542.33, Fla.Stat. (Supp.1990). Affirmed. . . .

CARNAHAN, v. ALEXANDER PROUDFOOT COMPANY WORLD HEADQUARTERS, a a, 581 So. 2d 184 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1991)

. . . The use of injunctive relief in cases involving covenants not to compete is authorized by section 542.33 . . . issue in 1987 and breached it in 1989; however, there is some indication that the amendment to section 542.33 . . .

P. HAPNEY, v. CENTRAL GARAGE, INC. a d b a, 579 So. 2d 127 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1991)

. . . , i.e., to add by judicial fiat to the contract in this case and to the pre-1990 version of section 542.33 . . . Employment contracts containing non-competition agreements are valid and enforceable in Florida. § 542.33 . . . The pre-1990 version of section 542.33, the version on which the outcome of this case turns, specifically . . . This refers to the 1989 version of 542.33 which is entitled “Contracts in restraint of trade valid” and . . . Accordingly, the majority opinion, by effectively amending the pre-1990 version of section 542.33 by . . . Section 542.33(2)(a) is clearly in derogation of the common law and must be strictly construed. . . . A plain reading of section 542.33(2)(a) dispels any notion that the legislature intended to dispense . . . We address this 1990 amendment to section 542.33 because the trial court found that Hapney “received . . . The right created by section 542.12, and carried forward in section 542.33(2)(a), is to enter into a . . . Paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of section 542.33, Florida Statutes, is amended to read: 542.33 Contracts . . .

A. SCHECK, v. BURGER KING CORPORATION,, 756 F. Supp. 543 (S.D. Fla. 1991)

. . . . § 542.33(2)(a) (1989). . . .

SALAMON, M. D. v. KARAN MUNUSWAMY, M. D. P. A., 566 So. 2d 899 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1990)

. . . breach by the employee, irreparable harm, and his entitlement to an injunction, pursuant to section 542.33 . . .

PINO a a No. a v. SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM OF FLORIDA, INC., 564 So. 2d 186 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1990)

. . . Viva and Pino counterclaimed for declaratory relief, contending that under section 542.33(2)(a), Florida . . . Ultimately, the trial court concluded that section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1985), did not preclude . . . A review of the statute relied on by appellants reveals that the legislature, in enacting section 542.33 . . . Despite the apparently broad ambit of section 542.33(2)(a), appellants contend that the statute cannot . . . Section 542.33(2)(a) provides that: [O]ne who is employed as an agent or employee may agree with his . . .

W. KOST, INC. v. WEYRES, 38 Fla. Supp. 2d 168 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1989)

. . . Thus, under applicable case law construing F.S. 542.33, this Court is limited to determining the reasonable . . .

SARASOTA BEVERAGE COMPANY, v. JOHNSON, 551 So. 2d 503 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1989)

. . . with Judge Campbell’s dissenting opinion, would substantially undercut the effectiveness of section 542.33 . . . Why section 542.33(2)(a) should be effective, i.e., why it was enacted and serves a state interest, is . . . Woods, 110 So.2d 397 (Fla.1959); § 542.33, Fla.Stat. (1987). . . . It is only by an exception provided in section 542.33(2) and (3) that the common law prohibition and . . . the general prohibition of section 542.33(1) is relaxed. . . . I do not believe that the enforcement of section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1988), mandates a conclusive . . . We first observe that section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1987), has validated non-competition agreements . . . Employment contracts containing non-competition agreements are valid and enforceable in Florida. § 542.33 . . .

MENDEZ v. THE TWENTY- FOUR COLLECTION, INC., 35 Fla. Supp. 2d 184 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1989)

. . . The Law Florida Statute 542.33(2)(a), provides in pertinent part: “ . . . one who is employed as an agent . . .

DAD S PROPERTIES, INC. a d b a s, v. C. LUCAS, Al E. Al a, 545 So. 2d 926 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1989)

. . . See § 542.33, Fla.Stat. (1987). In West Shore Restaurant Corp. v. . . .

JUNIOR SALESMEN OF FLORIDA, INC. d b a v. BOGEAJIS,, 541 So. 2d 676 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1989)

. . . The parties agree no-compete clauses are governed by statute, section 542.33. . . .

XEROGRAPHICS, INC. v. THOMAS,, 537 So. 2d 140 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . . § 542.33, Fla.Stat. (1985); Graphic Business Systems, Inc. v. . . .

JOSEPH U. MOORE, INC. v. A. HOWARD,, 534 So. 2d 935 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . Neu, 500 So.2d 561, 563 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986), rev. denied, 508 So.2d 15 (Fla.1987), “under section 542.33 . . .

FRUMKES, v. BEASLEY- REED BROADCASTING OF MIAMI, INC. a, 533 So. 2d 942 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . Non-compete agreements and section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1987), which permits them, are in . . .

BEST TOWING RECOVERY, INC. v. J. BEGGS, Sr., 531 So. 2d 243 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . Finding that the noncompetition clause was invalid and unenforceable by reason of section 542.33, Florida . . . We turn first to the statute which states in relevant part: 542.33 Contracts in restraint of trade invalid . . .

FLORIDA PEST CONTROL AND CHEMICAL COMPANY, v. P. THOMAS,, 520 So. 2d 669 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes. . . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1985) provides, in part, that “one who is employed as an agent . . .

ORKIN EXTERMINATING COMPANY, INC. v. BLACK, 27 Fla. Supp. 2d 11 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1988)

. . . INJUNCTION Plaintiff having filed herein its Complaint for Injunction and equitable relief, under F.S. 542.33 . . .

PERSAN, v. SUN MOBILE PRODUCTS, INC., 518 So. 2d 951 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1988)

. . . See § 542.33(2), Fla. Stat. (1985). . . .

A. KVERNE, v. ROLLINS PROTECTIVE SERVICES COMPANY, a, 515 So. 2d 1320 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . Keller, 389 So.2d 1062 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980) rev. denied, 419 So.2d 1048 (Fla.1982); § 542.33(2)(a), Fla . . .

AIR AMBULANCE NETWORK, INC. v. FLORIBUS,, 511 So. 2d 702 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . In the present area of noncompete agreements, which are validated by Section 542.33, Florida Statutes . . .

E. MARSHALL, v. GORE, a k a F. L. M. R. B. a, 506 So. 2d 91 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . Appellant argues that the noncompete agreement violates section 542.33, Florida Statutes (1981) because . . .

T. K. COMMUNICATIONS, INC. d b a WSHE FM WSRF AM v. J. HERMAN, C. a a d b a WGTR FM AM WIOD AM,, 505 So. 2d 484 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . that these requirements are the general rule only and that proceedings involving section 542.12 (now 542.33 . . .

AMEDAS, INC. a v. BROWN,, 505 So. 2d 1091 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . write this concurring opinion to express my belief that the courts have inadvertently construed section 542.33 . . . The conclusion that an independent contractor cannot be an agent as defined in section 542.33 is contrary . . .

JOSEPH U. MOORE, INC. v. R. NEU,, 500 So. 2d 561 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1986)

. . . First, the court held that Moore’s noncompetition clause violated section 542.33(2), Florida Statutes . . . The court stated that section 542.33(2) only allows the employer to prohibit soliciting. . . . Section 542.33 provides that: (1) Every contract by which anyone is restrained from exercising a lawful . . . Under section 542.33(2)(a), an employer may prevent a former employee from engaging in any like business . . . We hold that the clause falls within the section 542.33(2)(a) exception. . . .

MICRO PLUS, INC. v. FORTE DATA SYSTEMS, INC. ANDERSON, v. FORTE DATA SYSTEMS, INC. a, 484 So. 2d 1340 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1986)

. . . The legislature has expressly recognized their validity by adoption of Section 542.33(2)(a). . . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1985), provides: One who sells the goodwill of a business, or . . .

J. FLATLEY, D. D. S. J. D. D. S. P. A. a v. L. S. FORBES, D. M. D. L. S. D. M. D. P. A. a, 483 So. 2d 483 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1986)

. . . answered the complaint contending that the covenant was void and unenforceable by reason of section 542.33 . . . In an effort to 'overcome the effect of section 542.33, Flat-ley asserts, in reliance upon Pensacola . . . The Legislature embodied in section 542.33 the common law’s abhorrence of contracts restraining competition . . . any kind, otherwise than is provided by subsections (2) and (3) hereof, is to that extent void.” § 542.33 . . . agreements may, in the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction, be enforced by injunction. § 542.33 . . .

CORDIS CORPORATION, v. B. PROOSLIN,, 482 So. 2d 486 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1986)

. . . Section 542.33(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1983), specifically provides for enforcement of non-competition . . .

U. S. FLORAL CORP. a v. SALAZAR,, 475 So. 2d 1305 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1985)

. . . a temporary injunction to enforce a non-compete agreement entered into by the parties under Section 542.33 . . .